Basic Introduction to Parasitology

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INTRODUCTION TO PARASITOLOGY
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PARASITOLOGY

• Parasitology the branch of biology concerned with
  the phenomenon of dependence of one living
  organism
• on another.
• Its study of parasites, their hosts, and the
  relationship between them.

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PARASITE

• An organism that lives on or in its host, which
  is usually a larger organism, that provides
  physical protection and nourishment.
• An organism that has sustained contact with
  another organism to the detriment to the host
  organism.

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FIELDS /BRANCHES OF PARASITOLOGY

• Medical parasitology
• Veterinary parasitology
• Structural parasitology
• Quantitative parasitology
• Parasite ecology
• Conservation biology of parasite
• Taxonomy and phylogenetics

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• PREDATOR
• Organism that attack another living animal, not
  necessarily killing them. ( attacker)
• PREY
• They are the victim.

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• HOST
• The organism from which a parasite obtains its
  nutrition and/or shelter.
• Intermediate host- is used normally by a parasite
• in the course of
  its life cycle
• and it which it
  may multiply
• asexually and
  but not sexually

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• Definitive host- is the host in which the sexual
• reproduction of
  parasite takes
• place.
• Reservoir host- is an organism in which a
• parasite that is
  pathogenic for
• some other species,
  lives and
• multiplies usually
  without
• damaging its host.

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• SCAVENGERS
• Devouring those dead of natural causes or taking
  the leavings of the predator.
• SYMBIOSIS
• Living together in more or less intimate
  association or close union of two dissimilar
  organisms
• From the Greek symbiosis which means the state of
  living together.

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• DIFFERENT FORM OF SYMBIOSIS
• Commensalism
• - means eating at the same table
• - association that is beneficial to one
  partner
• and at least not disadvantageous to
  the
• other.
• - a relation between two kinds of
  organisms
• in which one obtains food or other
  benefits
• from the other without damaging it.

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• SPECIALIZED TYPE OF COMMENSALISM
• Mutualism- association is beneficial to booth.
• Parasitism- symbiotic relationship in which one
• organism , the host is to
  some
• degree injured thru the
  activities of
• the other.

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• VECTORS
• Hosts that transmit parasites to man.
• BIOLOGIC VECTORS
• those that are essential in the life cycle.
• PHORETIC OR MECHNICAL VECTORS
• Those that are not essential in the life cycle.

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• ZOONOSIS
• Disease of animals (literally)
• Disease of animals that are transmissible to man
• CLASSIFICATION OF ZOONOSIS
• Euzoonosis- Common to man and reservoir
• host.
• Parazoonosis- man is infrequent host and
• incidental
• Anthropozoonosis- infection acquired by man
• from other
  vertebrates.

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• Zooanthroponosis- human infection that maybe
• acquired by
  other vertebrates
• Obligate parasite- cannot exist without the host
• Facultative parasite- can be free living or
  parasitic
• Amphizoic- free living amoeba that may invade
• and colonize the brain and
  other
• sites( Naegleria and
  Acanthomoeba)

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• Spurious- Free living parasites or organisms that
  
• parasitize other hosts,
• - they merely passed the
  intestine ,
• - recovered in living or dead
  state from
• he human feces.