CEP 901B Proseminar in Technology

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CEP 901B Proseminar in Technology Education

• Matt Koehler
• Punya Mishra
• February 18, 2003

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Today

• Combined class with 901A (ethics in research)
• Visit by Dr. Wallace Discussion of readings
• Break
• Brief updates on your work so far

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Announcements

• Monday, February 24th, 530, MSU Union Susan
  Golden-Meadow, University of Chicago.
  Distinguished Speakers in Cognitive Science
  Lecture Series. Hearing Gestures How our Hands
  Help us Think
• You are invited to a free bowl of another
  Moosewood Restaurant Daily SpecialEastern
  European Vegetable Stew.Serving begins at 1145
  in the LTC Soup Kitchen.First come, first served,
  while it lasts. (Enough for about 15
  people.)People who don't like beets, turnips, and
  parsnips, need not apply!Patrick Dickson, Eastern
  European Vegetable Steward

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Ethics in Research

• The Ethical Standards of the American
  Psychological Association http//www.apa.org/ethi
  cs/ (2002 Ethics code, to be effective June 1,
  2003)http//www.apastyle.org
• Ethics in Cyberspace Research Consent, Privacy
  and Contribution http//www.rider.edu/users/suler
  /psycyber/ethics.html
• Ethical and legal aspects of human subjects
  research in cyberspace (a report from the
  American Association for the Advancement of
  Science)
• http//www.aaas.org/spp/dspp/sfrl/projects/intres
  /main.htm

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Ethics for Social Scientists / psychologists

• General Standards
• Evaluation, assessment, or intervention
• Advertising and other public statements
• Therapy
• Privacy and confidentiality
• Teaching, training supervision, research, and
  publishing
• Forensic activities
• Resolving ethical issues

Thanks to Lawrence R. Gordon, University of
Vermont (http//www.uvm.edu/lgordon/)
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Research Ethics (background)

• Where it comes from
• Cost-benefit considerations (Utilitarianism)
• Respect for human dignity (Deontology)
• Major principles underlying modern codes
• Respect for persons - autonomy/consent
• Beneficence - max benefit and min harm
• Justice - benefits and burdens distributed fairly

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Ethics of Human Research

• We cant just do whatever we want!
• Protocols prepared and submitted to the
  Institutional Review Board (IRB) for approval
• IRB needs to give you permission to do your study

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What Is the IRB?

• Committee responsible for reviewing all proposed
  research involving human participants at all
  schools receiving federal funds for research
• Members include faculty members from different
  departments, at least one community member, at
  least one nonscientist (at least 5 total members)

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IRB _at_ MSU (UCRIHS)

• At MSU, The Office of Research Ethics and
  Standards (ORES), houses among other things, the
  human subjects review
• IRB at MSU is called UCHRIHS (University
  Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects)
• http//www.msu.edu/user/ucrihs/
• Contains forms, FAQ, Tutorials, Regulations and
  contant info.

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What the IRB Does

• Its chief function Considers costs and benefits
  of the research
• Is the research question worth the use of human
  participants?
• Because human participants do not need to
  participate in studies, their rights are the
  highest priority

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Issues

• Voluntary participation
• Informed consent
• need to know what might keep them for consenting
• need to be able to consent
• need to know the right to withdraw
• Coercion
• vulnerable populations
• payment/compensation

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Issues

• Deception
• Is the value of the study worth it?
• Alternatives? Must be last alternative!
• Needs to be explained ASAP Dehoaxing
• Debriefing
• Explain purpose of study
• remove bad feelings Desensitizing
• get information
• thank participants

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Informed consent

• Documented agreement with participants
• clarifies the nature of the research and the
  responsibilities of each party
• Use language that is reasonably understandable
• Obtained prior to any data collection
• Explain significant factors that may influence
  the person's willingness to participate
• risks, discomfort, adverse effects, or
  limitations on confidentiality and other aspects
  about which the person may inquire.
• Tell participants that they can withdraw from the
  research at any time
• If participants are legally incapable of giving
  informed consent, provide an appropriate
  explanation, obtain the person's consent, AND
  obtain permission from a legally authorized
  person
• Inform participants of how data will be used
  (privacy/confidentiality)
• Provide an opportunity to the participants to
  obtain information about research findings
• Give contact information for researcher and IRB
  official

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Issues

• Experimenter conduct
• PI has assumes all responsibility for fair
  treatment of participants (e.g. by assistants)
• 6 Ps of conduct
• Present
• Prompt
• Prepared
• Polite
• Private
• Professional

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Submitting Protocols

• Exempt from review
• Expedited review
• Full review

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Full review

• Full review
• study of vulnerable populations
• use of physically invasive techniques (e.g.
  drugs, exercise, x-rays)
• psychological or emotional distress
• behavior manipulation (includes ALL deception)
• sensitive data (with ID) (e.g. drugs, sex, crime)
• videotaping (potential for ID)

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Expedited review

• Expedited review
• voice recordings (e.g. study of speech defects)
• studies of behavior w/o manipulation or stress
• study of existing documents that are not publicly
  available
• use of noninvasive clinical assessments (such as
  weight, sensory acuity, EKG, but NOT x-rays)

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Exempt from review

• Exempt from review
• Educational practices
• Anonymous survey, interview, or naturalistic
  observation (no identifiers)
• Study of existing data, documents, or archival
  records that are publicly available (no ID)
• Consumer surveys (ex. Quality of dining hall
  food)

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Finally

• In ALL aspects, first concern is the ethical
  treatment of participants, clients, consumers
• Do not see UCRIHS as a hoop to jump through
  (though they often make it look that way).
• The onus is on YOU as a researcher / scholar!

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Teachers and Technology

• Visit by Raven Wallace

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Reminders

• DKSC need to
• Sum up the online activity for the yahoogroup
• Readings are up for next week, Three Monkeys in
  charge.
• Visit by Yong Zhao Ken Frank (maybe)
• Topic Technology Diffusion
• Please post to the Yahoogroup by the deadline (as
  decided by the group of the week)

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Reminders II

• Continue thinking of research project
• Continue to meet with your parole officers this
  week with some ideas of what you would like to
  conduct research on.
• Third summary in your annotated bibliography due
  TODAY
• Continue to re-design your research page as per
  our discussions

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Reminders III

• Preliminary, 1 paragraph summary of a research
  study you could do that fits your interests is
  due in two weeks.