KEEPING CONTROL

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KEEPING CONTROL

• Chapter 6
• 6A

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REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL
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REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL RFP

• Group Project RFP due Friday
• COVER PAGE -
• GROUP NAME
  (Consulting Team writing Proposal)
• COMPANY NAME (Requesting Proposal)
• GROUP MEMBERS
• Project Title
• 1 PAGE COMPANY BACKGROUND
• 1 PAGE PROBLEM STATEMENT

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RFP-COVERPAGE

• COMPANY NAME (Requestor)
• PROJECT TITLE
• GROUP NAME (Consulting Team)
• GROUP MEMBERS

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RFP-COMPANY BACKGROUND

• INDUSTRY
• HISTORY
• ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
• PRODUCTS/SERVICES
• LOCATIONS
• WEB-SITE
• (1 Page)

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RFP-PROBLEM STATEMENT

• NEED Statement
• Process / Business Flow
• DESIRED INPUTS
• DESIRED OUTPUTS

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Identify Plan Activities

• Types of Activities
• systems development tasks
• product components (work breakdown structure)
• control gates
• Types of Schedules
• performance
• personnel
• budget
• Key Issues
• depth of analysis? how many?
• controllability
• Risk management
• accountability

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Basic Vee Model
Demonstrate (to Users) and Validate System
Requirements Specification
System Specification and Verification Plan
Integrate and Verify System
Configuration Item Specifications and
Verification Plans
Assemble and Verify Configuration Items
Build to Documentation and Verification
Procedures
Inspect to Build to Documentation
Assembling and Coding
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Nested Loops Break Statement

• In the case of a nested loops,
  a break statement would only break out of the
  closest loop.
• It does not break out of the whole nested
  formation.

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Break Statement

• The break statement can also be used in
  conjunction with the switch statement.
• The break statement can be used to control which
  statements are executed.

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Break Statement

• When a switch statement is executed and a
  match is found between the control
  expressions and the constant expressions,
  all of the
  following statements are executed by default.

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BREAK SWITCH

• In some cases, we dont want statements in all
  the case labeled statements to be executed when a
  match is found.
• The break statement can be used to control which
  statements are executed.

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BREAK SWITCH

• When a break statement is encountered in a switch
  statement body,
  it transfers control to the statement immediately
  following the switch statement.

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BREAK SWITCH

• Switch ( expr )
• case expr1 statement 1
• case expr2
• statement 2
• break
• case expr3 statement 3
• default statement_default
• next_statement

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Return Statement

• When it is executed, it causes control to pass
  from the function back to the position where it
  was called.
• Function --- where was called

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Return Statement

• It could be used to provide a
  point of exit
  from a function
  other than at the end of the
  function block or to allow a function to return a
  value.
• EXIT from any place

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RETURN STATEMENT

• The return statement is used to terminate
  execution of a function.
• If the function type is void than use
• return
• For any legal expression use the format
• return expression

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EXIT ( ) LIBRARY FUNCTION

• The exit ( ) function is available in the library
  on many implementations of C.
• This function provides a drastic means of
  altering the programs flow of control.
• When executed, exit ( ) causes the program to
  terminate.
• Control is returned to the underlying operating
  system.

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EXIT

• The exit ( ) function takes a single parameter of
  type int.
• exit ( 0 )
• exit ( 1 )
• exit (255)
• 0 is normal program termination
• 1 - 255 different reasons for termination

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Return - Exit

• The return statement causes control to pass back
  to the calling function.
• The exit ( ) library function causes program
  termination from any function from which it is
  called.

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GOTO Statement

• The goto statement in C allows transfer of
  control from one position in a function to
  another statement in the same function
• The destination statement must be marked with a
  label.
• goto identifier

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LABEL

• A label in C is an identifier.
• It must be associated with a statement by using
  the following syntax
• label statement

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MISUSE of GOTO

• Indiscriminate use of the goto statement is one
  deterrent to structured programming.
• Structure of a program
• Unreliable code
• Jump into the middle of a block
• the local variable is not guaranteed to be
  initialized properly when the block is not
  entered from the top.
• The value could be garbage.

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RECURSION

• Recursion occurs when a function or subprogram
  calls itself or calls a function which in turn
  calls the original function.
• n! n x (n-1)!
• Starting value for n must be given
• Recursive functions tend to use a lot of memory.

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THINGS TO REMEMBER
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Header Files

• Ctype.h
• for character typing

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Library Functions

• Exit ( )
• causes termination of its program

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Other Utilities

• Isdigit ( )
• returns 1 if its argument is a digit
• 0 otherwise

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THINGS TO REMEMBER

• Every do-while loop will execute at least one
  time.
• The values in the case labeled statements must be
  constant integral expressions.
• When the switch statement finds a match in one of
  the case values, control is passed to that case
  labeled statement and execution continuous from
  that point in the program.

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THINGS TO REMEMBER

• Both the continue and the
• break statement work with
• for
• do-while
• while loop
• The break statement is also used with the switch
  statement.

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THINGS TO REMEMBER

• When a continue or break statement is used in a
  set of nested loops,
• it only applies to one loop,
• the innermost loop that contains the
• break or continue.

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THINGS TO REMEMBER

• The return statement transfers execution control
  our of a function and back to the calling
  environment.
• When the return statement is used with an
  expression, the expression determines both the
  value and the type of function using it.

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THINGS TO REMEMBER

• A return statement can be used to provide more
  than one point of termination of a function.
• The parameter to exit ( ) can be used to signal
  the reason for program termination. A value of 0
  traditionally means normal termination. Other
  values can be chosen to represent various error
  conditions.

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THINGS TO REMEMBER

• When used in main ( )
• the statement return expression
• is equivalent to the statement
• exit (expression)

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THINGS TO REMEMBER

• The goto statement is used to transfer control to
  some labeled statement in the same function.
• It cannot transfer control out of a function.
• The goto statement is a deterrent to structured
  programming.
• Its use should be reserved for deeply nested code.

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THINGS TO REMEMBER

• Recursion occurs when a function or subprogram
  calls itself or calls another function that
  causes the original function to be called.
• Recursion can be used to implement recurrence
  relations.
• Algorithms using recurrence tend to use more
  memory than iterative algorithms.