Module 4 Unit 1

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• Module 4 Unit 1
• Decontamination

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Objectives

• Identify appropriate level of protection
• identify was objects become contaminated
• identify various methods of decontamination
• describe emergency decontamination
• identify appropriate methods for dealing with
  contaminated patients

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Objectives (cont)

• Demonstrate emergency decontamination
• perform technical decontamination

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Types of contamination

• Direct Contamination
• contact with product or vapors
• Cross Contamination
• contact with a contaminated object

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Assessment of Contamination

• Proper training and training
• Proper protection
• Physical and chemical properties
• is it needed
• type required

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Decontamination methods

• Dry- brushing, removing, vacuuming
• does not involve liquids
• usually the first step of decon process
• important if chemical is water reactive
• wet decontamination- flushing, dilution
• commonly uses water
• dilution or physical removal by flushing

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Decontamination Methods (cont)

• If material is not water soluble
• Then surfactant must be used
• Laundry detergent is common

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Gross Decontamination

• Occurs at edge of Hot Zone
• leaves bulk of contamination in Hot Zone
• Combination of methods
• Hands off process
• Advantages
• minimizes the risk through the rest of process
• lowers possibility of exposure to vapors

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Secondary Decontamination

• Occurs after Gross, in Warm Zone
• Systematic head to toe removal
• Methods usually wash followed by rinse and
  removal of PPE
• Hands-off until wash and rinse is done
• Process will vary

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Tertiary Decontamination

• Fine removal of remaining contaminants
• usually performed at hospital
• includes- hygiene showers, skin
  debridement, dialysis, surgical interventions

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Emergency Decontamination

• Rapid removal of contaminants
• Advantages
• Requires minimal special equipment
• Performed by operational level responders
• Enables rapid medical treatment
• minimizes risk down stream

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Emergency Decontamination

• Equipment
• hydrant gate valve
• 200 2 1/2 hose
• 50 1 1/2 hose
• gated wye
• 1 1/2 nozzel
• cribbing
• salvage cover or plastic sheeting

• Set up

hill
wind
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Decontamination Steps
strip
flush
wrap
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Technical Decontamination

• A through step by step process used to remove
  contaminates from responders or victims in a
  non-urgent manor.
• More through removal of contamination
• Methods will vary with chemical
• Technician level assistance is required

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Mass Decontamination

• Rapid flush of large number of victims
• Methods- single engine or multiple engine
• considerations
• scene control
• use of hand lines and deck guns
• hands-off operation

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Summary

• Types of decontamination
• Methods of decontamination
• Stages of decontamination

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• Activity 4.1

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Module 4 Unit 2Spill, Leak and Fire control
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Spill Control

• Defensive operations to minimize damage to
• the environment
• people
• things

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Spill Typing

• Physical state
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas

• Environmental Medium
• Air
• Surface
• Water
• Subsurface

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Gas/Air

• Control methods
• ventilation
• dispersion
• blanketing
• dissolution

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Liquid/Surface

• Control methods
• Diking
• Diverting
• Retaining
• Absorbing - sponging
• Diluting

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Liquid/Water

• Control methods
• Booming
• Diverting
• Damming
• overflow/underflow
• Retaining
• Blanketing

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Leak Control

• Limmited to remote shutoffs
• unless properly trained and protected for product
  ie
• LPG, Natural Gas, Gasoline
• remote shutoffs
• fixed facilitys
• transportation

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Fire Control

• Fire Fighting Foam
• advantages
• reduces evaporation
• decreases production of vapors
• prevents ignition
• quick fire knock down

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Foam Characteristics

• Hydrocarbon/ polar solvent/ Multi use
• protein/ synthetic based
• expansion ratios
• re-ignition/ burnback resistance
• water retention

• Heat resistance
• protection from freezing
• compatibility with dry chemical
• viscosity
• can be pre-mixed
• fuel shedding capability

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Protein Foam

• 3-6
• made from animal protein
• good re-ignition resistance
• excellent water retention
• may freeze
• may add anti-freeze

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Flouro-protein Foam

• 3-6
• Excellent fuel shedding
• long term vapor suppression
• good water retention
• long heat resistance
• low viscosity
• excellent for sub-surface injection

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AFFF

• 1, 3-6
• synthetic based
• good penetrating abilities
• may use non-aerating nozzles
• low viscosity
• can be pre-mixed
• multi-purpose

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Application Rates

• May vary between manufactures
• different for ignited spills
• calculate and assemble needed amount before
  beginning application
• must be faster than destruction rate

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General Guidlines

• AFFF and FFFP .10 GPM solution psf
• Polar Solvents .24 GPM solution psf
• Protein and Flouro-protein .16 GPM
• Non-ignited require lower rates