NonTraditional Security for China: Development and Problems

1
Non-Traditional Security for China Development
and Problems

• Luo Tianhong
• School of International Studies
• Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872
• luoth_at_ruc.edu.cn

2
The Concept and Idea of Non-traditional Security

• Redefining security since 1970s
• Mutual security and common security
• eg. CSCE (Conference on Security and
  Cooperation in Europe)
• Comprehensive Security
• eg. Comprehensive National Security,
  Japan, 1980
• Human security
• Copenhagen School
• Barry Buzan, People, States and Fear
  The National Security Problem in International
  Relations, Brighton Wheatsheaf, 1983
• Barry Buzan, People, States and Fear An
  Agenda for International Security Study in the
  Post-Cold War Era (2nd edition) ,Harvester
  Wheatsheaf, 1991.
• Barry Buzan et al, Security. A New Framework
  for Analysis. London Lynne Rienner Publishers,
  1998.

3
Policy agenda and security study in China

• Economic (Financial) security, 1997
• Energy security
• New Security Mindset /Cooperative security
• Mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and
  collaboration
• Broadened study of security
• eg. Paper series on security in the journal
  Europe, 1997(1)
• Wang Yizhou ed. International
  Security in the Era of Globaliztion,1999.

4
Sectors and referent objects of security

• Security Sectors
• Societal /social security
• Whose Security?
• Nation-state
• Group (Ethnic Minority )
• Individual
• State as a threat or protector?
• The debate and disagreement on human rights issue
• Individualism or Collectivism ?
• Human security versus Peoples security

5
Nature, Natural Disaster and Human Security
Chinas Case

• I. The Understanding of nature
• Classical Chinese philosophy
• Human beings are integral part of nature (????)
• Modern China in Maos time
• Tame the nature and fight the nature (????)
• Current China
• Sustainable development
• Harmonious World

6
II. The Evolution of Disaster Reduction Policy
and System

• Establishing integrated institutions, issuing
  laws and regulations
• The shift of focus from reducing the losses in
  national and collective property to securing
  human life
• The relief process from closed to open and
  transparent
• Developing and using high-tech means

7
III. The Chinese approach of natural disaster
relief

• Political mobilization model
• Nationwide mobilization model

8
The leading role of the governments

• The central government
• The local government
• The case of 5.12 earthquake (2008)

9
Military force as the main team for disaster
relief

• the most beloved ones
• A comparision between 5.12 earthquake and
  Hurricane Katrina (2005)
• Impact
• The emotional connection between people and
  military force
• The efficiency
• Redefining the function of military force
• Testing the national defense mobilization system

10
Civil society, Private sector and their minor
role

• The underdevelopment of civil society
• nongovernmental organizations
• insurance sector

11
Guiding principles for natural disaster
reduction

• Prevention and risk reduction
• The debate on large scale water control
  engineering projects
• The awareness and preparedness of the society
  

12
Cooperative security

• The Concept without enemy
• The Practice
• SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organization
• ARF

13
Difficulties and Obstacles

• Issue area and the depth of institutionalization
• Military confidence-building measures
• Regional structure and trust
• Japan-US-China
• Russia-China
• India-China
• Value and ideology

14
A Brief Summary

• (1) Developmental security versus enviromental
  security the problematique with current
  industralization
• (2) The role of State in human security
  Justification of authoritarianism or transition
  for democratization?
• (3) The opportunity of cooperative security in a
  region with different sorts of security dilemma