Title: CSCI 308 Systems Analysis
1Systems AnalysisCSCI 308
- Instructor Stan Schuyler
- Lecture 4
- Projects Problems So what is the
- Problem?
2Topic Outline
- Problem? What Problem?
- Preliminary Investigation - Situation Analysis
- Project Planning and Project Constraints
- Team formation considerations
- Impact on Projects
- Interpersonal Profile Role
- Structured Team Formation Task
- The Assignment 5C Charge
3Project Plan Development Keep looking!
Project ID
1st Pass Business Case and Review
4What is the Projects Problem?
- What is problem recognition ?
- Define the term problem.
- What criteria would you use to judge that you
have a problem definition? - What does a problem definition (statement) look
like? - What does problem decomposition mean?
5Problem Recognition and Definition
- You cannot solve the problem if you do not know
what the real problem is. - Do different disciplines approach problem
identification the same way? - How do Scientists approach problems?
- How do Systems Analysts approach problems?
- How do Engineers approach problems?
- How do politicians approach problems?
6Preliminary Investigation - Situation Analysis
- Each situation is different in the same ways
- The data and observables are diverse
- Some aspects are unknown or unobserved
- There is usually significant levels of ambiguity
- Knowledge within the participants varies by role
and degree - Your knowledge varies by experience and degree
- Each analysis is the same in different ways
- Your approach to gathering data and observables
is limited to your learning and experience which
tends to stabilize into a pattern - To control ambiguity and reduce it you need a
stable framework to perform an analysis
7Questions Find ltInterpretationsgt
- Key Questions
- What is produced?
- Why produced?
- Who or what is in action?
- Where is the action occurring?
- How is production done?
- When is the action occurring?
- What is the data?
- How represented?
- How presented?
- What is the information?
- What is the knowledge?
- What level of Quality Control?
- Find ltinterpretationgt
- (Artifacts, Performance)
- (Problem, Purpose)
- (Actor/Agent)
- (Place, Situation/context)
- (Methodology)
- (Time, Sequence)
- (Symbols, Language)
- (alphabet, grammar)
- (Conveyed, transmitted)
- (Meaning in symbols)
- (Why How of meaning)
- (Feedback)
8What is the Situation?
- Bell Labs RD Laboratory Organization
- One Director
- Two Departments
- Micro-Electronics Engineering Dept. (MED)
- Design Engineering Dept. (DED)
- One Mission Produce High Quality Circuits on
Silicon Chips (Very Large Scale Integrated
Circuits VLSI) - Internal Relationship
- MED designs and produces the chips
- DED designs tools to design chips, delivers and
supports the MED. - Situation MED is an unhappy customer of DED
9So What is the Problem?
- What is problem recognition and problem
definition? - Explain the differences between problems and
symptoms
10Problems versus Symptoms
- Problem
- A difference between things as desired and things
as perceived (Cause Weinberg, 1990) - One persons problem can be another persons
opportunity
11Problems versus Symptoms
- Symptom
- An outward or physical manifestation of a problem
that becomes noticeable as some variance from the
norm - A symptom is evidence of a problem, not
necessarily (and not usually) the problem itself
12Problem Recognition and Definition
- You cannot solve the problem if you do not know
what the real problem is. - Scientists
- Observe a phenomenon
- Formulate a hypothesis
- Conduct an experiment
- Systems Analysts
- Recognize a variance
- Investigate
- Propose a solution
13Constraints on Systems Development Projects
System in Development
146 Constraints on Systems Development
?
Project /System
Quality
15Sorted by Cost-Time-Scope
What is going on here?
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19Project Quality, Cost and Delivery
- Cost
- Cost?Time
- Cost?Time?Scope
- Cost?Time?Scope?Architecture
- Cost?Time?Scope?Architecture?Quality
- Cost?Time?Scope?Architecture?Quality?Process
- Cost?Time?Scope?Architecture?Quality?Process?Team
20Forming Project Teams
- On What basis?
- Using Which Procedures?
21Some considerations mentioned were
- Who wants to be the leader in charge?
- How many want to be the leader in charge?
- Who is easy to work with?
- Who do I like? (Why do I like?)
- Who likes to be of service (follower)?
- Who appears to know what they are doing?
- Who is a loner?
- Who is independent and reliable?
- Who else wants an A?
- etc.
22How did I become this way?
- To a certain extent you are wired genetically!
- Dispositions
- Aptitudes
- To a certain extent you are socialized
- The value system and care abouts of your
family - The value systems of engaged social institutions
- The culture of your native environment
23Dimensions of Culture
- PDI - Power Distance Index
- Beliefs about Power Distribution
(centralized/distributed) - IND Individualism Index
- Role of Individuals in Society (individualism/coll
ectivism) - MAS - Masculinity Index
- Gender Role Expectations (differentiated/shared)
- UAI - Uncertainty Avoidance Index
- Tolerance for Risk
- LTO Long Term Orientation
- Time Orientation (long/short term)
Hofstede, Geert., Hofstede, Gert Jan.
(2005). Cultures and Organizations - Software of
the Mind. New York McGraw-Hill.
24- Cultural Impacts of
- Power Distance
- compared with
- Individualism
- By country of origin
- Source
- Hofstede and Hofstede,
- Cultures Organizations
- Software of the Mind,
- McGraw Hill, 2005.
25So What?
- We are all different and bring different values,
skills, and care abouts to the Teams table. - For a project team to deliver efficiently and
effectively the individuals in the team have to? - Mesh!
- Can we identify personal attributes usefully OR
is this all B ST ?
26And your Personal Attributes Are?
- What are the Personal Preference Factors that
matter the most in project teams? - What was the profile attempting to measure?
- Guess what you already have indicated your
preferences! ?
27Forming your next Analysis Team
- First Step, see if you can identify your profile
- Try to find yourself from the data presented
- Decide anonymously who you would like to work
with based on the preference factors you see - Form a new Team by (explained in class)
- The new team will be formed and charged after
your team zero reports are delivered in Class
5. - You will have selected your anonymous member
preferences in class today.
28Homework See Syllabus
- Assignment 5B
- A reminder about the Charge for Assignment 5C
(the Team Zero Assignment).