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Decontamination During Human Biological Incidents

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5.0% bleach more than adequate. 0.1% bleach kills anthrax spores. People ... make agent harmless with time and contact (e.g. bleach or hypochlorite solution) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Decontamination During Human Biological Incidents


1
Decontamination During Human Biological Incidents
  • Presented by
  • The Ohio Department of Health
  • Disaster Preparedness Response Program

2
Our Decontamination Focus
  • Nuclear devices/material
  • Biological weapons
  • Chemical weapons

3
Potential List of Biological Agents
  • Anthrax (bacteria)
  • Plague (bacteria)
  • Smallpox (virus)
  • Ebola/Other Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (virus)
  • Ricin (toxin)
  • Botulinum (toxin)

4
About Biologicals
  • Biological incidents involve bacteria, viruses
    and toxins
  • Detection monitors are currently unavailable
  • Most likely dispersed as aerosols with simple
    technologies
  • Yard sprayers
  • A plane or boat upwind
  • Might be delivered by oral ingestion

5
About Biologicals
  • Routes of entry
  • Deliberate incident is usually through inhalation
    ingestion
  • Infectious versus communicable
  • Usually have an incubation period

6
Decon/Infection Control
  • Decon The process of removing or neutralizing
    an external hazard from a person, the property or
    the environment.
  • Disinfection Selective elimination of
    undesirable microorganisms to prevent their
    transmission (or removal of infectious organisms
    below necessary level to cause infection).
  • Sterilization Complete killing of all organisms.

7
Decontamination after Biological Release
  • Material
  • often unnecessary
  • less relevant than for chemical attack
  • 5.0 bleach more than adequate
  • 0.1 bleach kills anthrax spores
  • People
  • decon rarely needed
  • less relevant than for chemical attack
  • soap and water

8
Key Points
  • Biological decon is different from chemical decon
  • People can be injured by inappropriate decon
  • Physical harm
  • Psychological harm

9
Decontamination Checklist
  • What are we decontaminating?
  • Which decon are we using - biological or
    chemical?
  • Is decontamination possible?
  • Who needs decontamination?
  • What level of protection is needed for those in
    area?
  • for the responders?

10
Decon
  • Removes but does not necessarily neutralize an
    agent
  • Decon cannot kill or render an infectious disease
    harmless in a human

11
Bio Decon
  • 1. Immediately wash exposed skin with soap and
    water
  • 2. Remove clothes and bag for evidence
  • 3. Soap and water shower
  • Steps 2 and 3 can be done at home

12
Why Showering is Enough
  • Agent does not re-aerosolize
  • Agent must be device driven for effectiveness
  • Intact skin is THE best protection
  • Agent already captured in lungs, gastrointestinal
    tract, or open wounds

13
The Use of Chemicals in Bio Decon
  • Disinfectants (chemicals) can make agent harmless
    with time and contact (e.g. bleach or
    hypochlorite solution)
  • Not recommended for decon of people
  • Surfaces and equipment - YES
  • People - NO

14
Ohio Guidelines
  • Weapons of
  • Mass Destruction
  • Bioterrorism
  • Protocol

PROCEDURES FOR LOCAL, STATE AND FEDERAL PERSONNEL
AND AGENCIES
15
Bioterrorism
  • There are a number of things which make this type
    of incident different from others
  • Non-traditional responders involved
  • The incident is a crime scene

16
Local Dispatch 911 Centers
  • Initial dispatch call should include
  • EMA
  • Fire/EMS
  • Law enforcement
  • Hospitals
  • Secondary notification should include
  • FBI
  • Local health department

17
Agencies Involved
  • State Federal
  • CDC
  • EMA
  • FBI
  • OSP
  • State Dept Of Health
  • USPHS
  • Locally
  • EMA
  • EMS
  • Fire
  • Health Dept
  • Hospital
  • Law Enforcement
  • Poison Control

18
Detection of Covert Biological Attacks
  • Medical community response
  • Epidemiology and public health response
  • Calls to 9-1-1 EMS response

19
Covert Incident Will be Hard to Recognize
  • Symptoms resemble other sicknesses
  • May not surface for 3 or 4 days
  • Physicians may not be familiar
    with symptoms
  • Mortality will be expected
  • Lab analysis must be expedited in any case

20
Questions?
  • Review Points
  • Biological and chemical decontamination
    procedures are different
  • WATER ONLY, please
  • People can be injured by inappropriate decon
  • The Ohio Guidelines provide procedures for
    dealing with biological incidents
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