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Title:

cytosol

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?????????? ???? ?? ???? ????????. ????? ???? ???? ????? ? ???????? ?? ???????. ... Acetic acid bacteria, Enteric or coliform bacteria (e,g, E. coli), Pseudomonads, ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: cytosol


1
???????? ?? ???????????
  • ??? 2
  • ???????????? ???????

2
????????? ?????????? ??????? ????
???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???
??????
??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ????
???????.
???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ????
?????? ? ???? ?? ???????
?????????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????
????? ? ???????? ?? ???????.
?? cytosol (??? ???) ? ????? ???? ???????? ??
?????? ??? ????? ??? ???.
3
2 ??? ????
  • ???? ??????? ???? ???? nucleoid ?? nucleus ?????
    ?? ?? ?? ???? ( ?????? ???? ????) ??????? ?
    ????? ???????
  • ?? ???????? nucleoid ?? ????????? ???? ?? ????
    ??? ???? ???. ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? (????
    ????????) ????????? ???? ??????.
  • ?? ??????? ?? ???? (nucleus) ???? ???? ???? ?????
    ??? eukaryote ???? ?????? (?? ?????? eu ?? ????
    ????? ? karyote ?? ???? ???? ???.)

4
????? ??????? ????
  • ???? ?????? ? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????
    ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????
  • ?????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ??? 5 ??
    10 ?????? ???.
  • ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??? 1 ?? 2
    ?????? ?????.
  • ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? mycoplasmas
    ?????? ?? ????? ??? 200 ??????? ?? ????.

5
????? ??????? ??????? ????
6
????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????
  • ???????
  • ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????
    ?????.
  • ??????
  • ???????

7
???????
??????????
???????????
????????
????
????
??????? ???-???
????????
??????
?????
8
????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????
9
?????????? Archae ? Bacteria ?? ???? ???? ?????
?? ?? ?? ????? ???????
  • Aerobic
  • Obligate/strict
  • Anaerobic
  • Obligate/strict
  • Facultative

10
?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ? ?????
11
??? ??? ????? ???????? ?????
  • ????
  • Escherichia coli K12 or E.coli K12

Designates the strain
Specific, descriptive name
??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? (species name) ??
????.??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???.
Genus or generic name
12
??????? ??????????
  • ?? ?????
  • ????? ?? ??? ??????????? ????
  • Spirilla (spirals)
  • Cocci (spheres)
  • Bacilli (rods)
  • ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????.
  • ??????? ???? ????? (motile)
  • ???? ????? ?? 2 ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? (binary
    fission)

13
3 ??? ????????
14
????? ??????????
  • ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???
  • ??? ????
  • e.g. Acetic acid bacteria, Enteric or coliform
    bacteria (e,g, E. coli), Pseudomonads, Rhizobium,
    Rhodospirillum, Zymomonas
  • ??? ????
  • e.g. Bacillus, Clostridium, Corynebacterium,
    Lactic acid bacteria
  • ?????
  • e.g. Mycoplasma

15
????? ??????????
  • ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? (endospore)
  • Bacillus
  • Clostridium

16
????? ??????????
  • ?? ???? ??????? ???????
  • Cyanobacteria
  • blue-green algae
  • Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria
  • the purple and green bacteria

17
Actinomycetes
  • ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????
    ?? ???? ?????.
  • ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????????

??? ?? ???????????? ???? ?????
??? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ? ????? ?????
?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????
????? ?????? ???????? ?????
18
Archaebacteria
  • ????? ???? ??????????? ??????.
  • ????? ?????????? ?? RNA ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???
    ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??
    ?????????? ????.
  • ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?
    ????????? ???? ?????? ???.
  • ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????. ????
  • Methanogens
  • Thermoacidophiles
  • halobacteria

19
???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????
20
????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????
???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????
????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???. ?? ????
???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???.
????? ??? ???? (pseudopeptidoglycan) ??
????????? ??? ??????
21
?????? ??????? ??????????
  • ???)??????? ??????
  • ?) ?????

22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
????? ???????? ???????????
  • ????????
  • ????
  • ????
  • ??????? ??????? ? ??????? (?????)
  • ??????? ?? ????? (??????)

25
????????
  • ?????? ??? 4 ?????? ?? 1 ???? ???
  • ???? ?????? ???? ????? ? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????
    ???? ??????
  • ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? (flagella) ???? ???????.
  • E.g Trypanosomes
  • ?????? ?? ?? ???? cilia ???? ???????.
  • E.g ciliates
  • ???? ??? cytoplasmic streaming ???? ???????.
  • E.g. amoebae
  • ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????.
  • E.g. sporozoans

26
??????
  • ???? ??????? ??? ?????????? ? ??????? ???????
    ????? ??????
  • ?????? ??????? ????? (????? ??????? ? ?? ?????
    ?????? ?? ??? ???)
  • ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??
    ????.
  • ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????
    ??? ?? ?????.
  • E.g. diatoms
  • ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????????
    ???? ?????.
  • ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ? ????? SCP ??????? ?? ???
  • E.g. Chloreila, Scenedesmus, Spirullina,
    Dunaliella

27
??????
  • ??????? ????? ??????
  • ??? ?????? ????
  • ??? ?????? ???????
  • ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????
    ?????? ????? ? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ???.

28
????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????
  • Phycomycetes
  • Algae-like fungi
  • Ascomycetes
  • E.g. the genera Neurospora and Aspergillus
  • Basidiomycetes
  • E.g. mushrooms
  • Deutromycetes (Fungi imperfecti)
  • E.g. Trichophyton (pathogenic fungi)

29
????? ????????????
  • ??????
  • ?? ??????? ??? ????
  • ???? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ??????.
  • ?????? ?????
  • Asexual (budding and fission)
  • Sexual
  • Conjugation of two haploid cell to form a zygote
    followed by division to form ascospores

30
????? ???? ? ??????? ??????
31
????? ?????? ?????
  • ????? ?????? ????????
  • ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????????
  • ??? ????? ???? ?? ( ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??
    ????)
  • ???? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ??????.
  • ???? ??? ??? ?????
  • E.g. Aspergillus, Penicillium

32
?????? ???????? ?????
33
??? 2 ???? ??? ????? ???
34
???????
  • ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????.
  • ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? (?? ??????
    0.01 ?? 0.25 ??????)
  • ?? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ???????.
  • ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ? ?? ????? ????? ??
    ?????? (??????? ???? ????? ?????)

35
???? ????? ???????
  • ???? Lysogenic
  • ???? Lytic

36
????? ???? Lytic???? ?????? Lytic
  • ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??????
  • ????? DNA ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????
  • ???? ????????? ?? DNA ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????
    ? DNA ??? ?? ????? ???????
  • ???? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???
    ???? ?????
  • ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???????

37
???? ???? Lytic
38
???? Lysogenic
  • ?? ??? ???? DNA ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????????
    ???? ?????? ?????? (?? ???????? ?? ?? Prophage
    ????????)
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