Title: Immigration, Expansion, and Sectional Conflict
1Immigration, Expansion, and Sectional Conflict
- 1840-1860
- Enduring Vision, Chapter 13
2New Comers and Natives
- Between 1815-1860, 5 million European immigrants
landed in the United States - Years 1845-1854 largest immigration proportionate
to the total population in American history - Conceptual Frameworks?
- Analytical Tools
3German, Irish, and Total Immigration, 1830 1860
4Diaspora
- Settling of scattered colonies of Jews outside
Palestine after the Babylonian Exile - The movement, migration, or scattering of a
people away from an established or ancestral
homeland
5Migration Studies
- Push Migration
- Forced migration people forced to leave under
threat of violence - Pogrom
- Pull Migration
- People migrate because of attraction to another
location - Fuzzy
6Diaspora (Homeland v. Host)
- Homeland
- Push migration, often catastrophic
- Unable to return (loss of homeland)
- Idealization
- Longing to return
- Host
- More than one
- Settle as group
- Unable to blend
- Hostile
7Expectations and Realities
- Push and Pull
- Settlers and Sojourners
- Steerage
- High Start-up capital
- Patterns of Immigration followed Trade Routes
- City life
- Uprooted or Transplanted
8Mormon Migrations
April 6, 1830 Church organized at Fayette
Township New York January 1831 Church
establishes headquarters at Kirtland OH July 1831
Mormon communities also established in
Missouri Severe persecutions push Mormons out of
both states April 1839 Negotiations to
purchase land on Mississippi border of IL
9Mormon Persecutions
- Beatings Tar and Feathering
- House burning Crop and Property destruction
- Extermination Order
- Hauns Mill Massacre
- Martyrdom
10Mormon Exodus
- February 1846 Brigham Young begins exodus to Salt
Lake Valley in 0 degree weather - Approximately 1000 miles
- Covered wagons, horses, handcarts
- Came from Eastern United States and Europe
- Almost 100,000 pioneers
- Colonized throughout Utah and Western United
States
11Brigham Young
12The Germans
- Diverse nationality
- Diverse religious background
- Diverse economic background
- Common Language
- Cycle clannish spawns suspicion spawns more
clannishness
13The Irish
- Distinct Waves of Migration
- 1845 1850 Potato Famine
- Overwhelming poor and Catholic
- Entered workforce young and often at low paid
dangerous jobs - Staunch anti-abolitionists
- Able to climb social ladder
14The Chinese
- 1848 Arrived during Gold Rush
- Push and Pull
- Sugar Plantations at Hawaii
- 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act
15- Figures often beguile me, particularly when I
have the arranging of them myself "There are
three kinds of lies lies, damned lies and
statistics."- Autobiography of Mark Twain
16Cliometrics
- The application of methods developed in other
fields (as economics, statistics, and data
processing) to the study of history. - Clio Muse of History