Chapter 14: Latin West 12001500

1
Chapter 14Latin West 1200-1500
2
Rural Growth and Crisis

• Peasants and Population
• Most people were serfs
• Not motivated to become innovators
• Women were still subordinate to men
• Were essential to familys survival
• Had to
• Have and take care of children
• Fulfill obligation in the fields
• Manage household
• If women failed, family did not survive

3
Rural Growth cont.

• What caused rural poverty? Explain.
• Growing population meant more food was needed
• This led to new farming techniques
• Appeared b/c of improved climate, cleared land to
  create farmland, use of labor-saving devices and
  a shift from a two-field to a three-field system
• Which led to new settlements

4
The Black Death and Social Change

• Look at the map on p. 354.
• What cities were spared from the Black Death?
  Why?

5
The Black Death cont.

• Causes of the Black Death
• Increased populations led to innovations in
  agriculture
• Led to a decrease in resources
• Population began to decline
• Climate changed-wetter and colder winters
• Harvests declined
• As a result, resistance to disease declined

6
The Black Death cont.

• Spread by rats
• Carried to Europe by Mongol invasions
• 1346 arrived at the Black Sea
• 1347 arrived in Europe (Italy)
• Killed ½ Asias population
• Killed 1/3rd Europes population

7
Aftermath of the Plague

• Peasants who survived benefited- How?
• Labor shortage occurred
• used to gain higher wages
• Gained more land
• Geographic mobility
• New social class emerged as a result

8
Mines and Mills

• Mills were very profitable b/c they ran
  essentially for free
• Waterpower made iron expansion possible-How?
• Lead to iron, silver, lead and copper mining
• Deep mining techniques
• Growth of industry changed the landscape- How?
• Pollution became a problem
• Drastic environmental change-deforestation

9
Civic Life

• Most towns were surrounded by stone walls
• Mainly near castles or a monastery
• Borough, burgh, burg, or bourg (means fortress
  or walled enclosure)
• Cities needed to be flexible-Why?
• Lords wanted to govern towns as they had their
  farms- NOT POSSIBLE!
• Merchants and artisans needed different laws
• Willing and able to pay for it
• Some were able to self-govern

10
Civic Life

• Jews continued to be persecuted
• Increased as the Black Death and other crises
  occurred
• Craftsmen organized into guilds
• What was the purpose of guilds?
• Regulated every aspect of the production process
• Specified methods of production to be used
• Fixed prices of finished products
• Determined the number of men who could be
  employed in a certain trade
• Procedure one must follow to enter a trade
• Most women could not learn a trade or join a guild

11
Rise in Banking

• What did banks do?
• Florence became the center of banking services
• Medici Family operated banks in Italy, operated
  the government and were great patrons to the arts
• How did Christian bankers profit from the
  industry?
• City life was not that great even for the rich

12
Gothic Cathedrals

• High as if reaching into heaven
• 2 innovations made these cathedrals possible-
  what are they?
• Gothic arch
• Flying buttresses
• 1st fully Gothic Church was abbey of Saint-Denis
  near Paris
• Built b/t 1140 and 1150
• Everyone in the community contributed to the
  construction of cathedrals
• Symbolized chief preoccupation of a Christian
  community

13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)