The Reestablishment of English 1200 1500

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The Reestablishment of English1200 - 1500
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93. Changing Conditions after 1200

• The two-thirds of France
• Shortly after 1200
• gradual relinquishment of continental estates of
  English nobility
• A feeling of rivalry
• from an antiforeign movement to the Hundred
  Years' War

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• artificial use of French in 13th and 14th century
• social and economic changes
• 14th century English into universal use
• 15th century French all but disappeared

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95. Separation of the French and English Nobility

• the loss of Normandy in 1204
• gradual separation of interlocking aristocracy
• Some steps toward a separation
• Normandy/England Robert/William
• Osbern (1071), Montgomery (1094)
• confiscation of Henry I, of the English estates
  of unruly Norman barons

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• a decree on confiscation of French king in
  1204-1205
• several great barons and knights, including the
  earls of Warenne, Arundel...
• Action of Simon de Montfort in 1229
• Action of Louis "......inseparably attach
  himself to me or to the king of England."
• after 1250, no valid reason of use of French

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Magna Carta in 1215
Magna Charta
Magna Carta
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King John
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96. French Reinforcement

• Isabel of Angouleme King Johns wife
• a fresh invasion from Poitou and Provence
• Peter des Roches bishop of Winchester,
  chancellor, justiciar of England
• Henry III, his brother Richard of Cornwell, Louix
  IX, brother Charles of Anjou Four daughters of
  the count of Provence
• Three great inundations

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Henry III (1216-1272)
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• First replacement of the native officers with
  Poitevins (1233)
• Second Henry's marriage to Eleanor of Provence
  (1236), influx of Provencals
• Third remarriage of Henry's mother upon the
  death of King John- the country was eaten up by
  strangers

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97. The Reaction against Foreigners and the
Growth of National Feeling

• reckless bestowal of favor upon foreigners
  favorable result in English
• England for the English
• Peter des Roches the immediate antagonism was
  aroused

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• Was to delay the use of English ? the upper
  classes that had begun
• widespread hostility to foreigners caused
  Englishmen to unite against the newcomers
• a proper mark of an Englishman some knowledge of
  English

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98. French Cultural Ascendancy in Europe

• wide popularity of French in th 13th c.
• most polished chivalrous society
• an object of cultivation as was in the eighteenth
  century
• French teachers for the children of the great
  lords in Germany

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• encyclopedia "Li Tresor" in French, French
  translation of the ancient history of the
  Venetians delectable and current language
  throughout the world
• from the glorious tradition of Charlemagne, by
  the greatest of medieval literatures ,by the fame
  of the University of Paris, by the enterprise of
  the Normans

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100. Attempts to Arrest the Decline of French

• From the close of the thirteenth century the
  French language was losing its hold in the
  measures adopted to keep it in use
• Two most conservative institutions, the church
  and the universities
• Benedictine monasteries of Canterbury and
  Westminster regulation to speak in French
• Oxford construe and translate in both English
  and French

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• Lest the French language be entirely disused.
• if not Latin, would have been English
• by parliament in 1332 (... be more able and
  better equipped in their wards)
• artificial use of French by the 14th century

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101. Provincial Character of French in England

• Was not good French
• Anglo-French vs. the Central French of Paris
  (Norman, northeastern Picard, eastern
  Burgundian, Central)
• supremacy of Paris (Capetian power)
• quite different from any of the continental
  dialects

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102. The Hundred Years' War (1337-1453)

• culmination of the growing feeling of antagonism
• interference of France in Englands efforts to
  control Scotland Edward III for French throne
• victories Crecy (1346), Poitiers (1356),
  Agincourt (1415)
• Joan of Arc (1429)
• animosity against French as the language of an
  enemy country

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