Coastal and Ocean Management: Balancing Local and LargeScale

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Coastal and Ocean Management Balancing Local
and Large-Scale

• Roland Cormier, DFO-MPO, Gulf Region, Moncton
• Mike Chadwick, DFO-MPO, Gulf Region, Moncton
• Tony Charles, Saint Marys University, Halifax
• Dan Lane, Telfer School of Management, uOttawa

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Key Issues to be Considered

• What is the current balance of management
  between coastal ocean?
• Where are the hot spots in the needs for
  management intervention?
• At what spatial scale are the hot spots found
  and/or best approached?
• To what extent can public and community
  involvement be utilized to increase efficiency of
  management in each of coastal and ocean efforts?
• To what extent might jurisdictional challenges
  reduce management efficiency of coastal and ocean
  efforts? What are risks of this happening?
• What are the opportunities for scaling-up
  from coastal initiatives to large-scale ocean
  management, or alternatively, scaling-down from
  a large-scale to coastal efforts?
• In specific cases, what social, economic,
  cultural, ecological or biophysical factors must
  be considered in impacting on the potential for
  success of coastal versus ocean efforts?

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Oceans versus Coastal
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Risk Analysis Decision-making Process
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CMA Process
Risk Analysis Decision-Making Process
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Ecosystem Evaluation Illustration

• Toward Coastal and Ocean valuation and
  performance evaluation
• Identification of important dimensions in the
  system
• Assignment of ecosystem effects
• Example Bay of Fundy Case Study

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Study Area
Grand Manan IslandNew Brunswick
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CMA Ecosystem Components
Socioeconomic Activities
Biological/Ecosystem Resources
Herring Weirs
Scallop urchin drags
Lobster
Recreational Use
Lobster traps
Herring Day/Night
Fish Farm Sites
Habitat
Scallops
Effluents
Urchins
Rockweed
Salt Marshes
ActivityBased Effluent
Benthic Structures
LandOriginEffluent
Current Flow
MarineOriginEffluent
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Hierarchical problem formulation Participant
dependent/Marine site independent
Level 1 Goal
Ecosystem Goal
Level 2 components
Resources
Habitat
Effluents
Activities
Level 3 Sub-Components
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
H4
H3
H2
H1
C3
C2
C1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A1
Level 4 Alternatives
Alternative 1
Alternative 2
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General Component Ecosystem Interaction Rules
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Interactive Impacts
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Linear Example
Y(i) f (Y0p(i), ?Yjq(i)) areai yield/unit
areai IE(C1,C2)
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Grand Manan Coastal Aquaculture Analysis
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The Aquaculture Siting Problem Process in the Bay
of Fundy
Stage 1
Stage 3
Stage 2
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Attributed weights of the 5 participants on the
4 components R, H, E and A (Resources, Habitat,
Effluents and Activities)
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Evaluation summary of 5 participant groups in
comparing 4 marine stategies
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Group Decision Making
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Balancing Coastal and Ocean Management Initiatives

• On the one hand, there is clearly a connection
  between coasts and oceans. Both ocean management
  and coastal management involve the balancing of
  multiple uses within an ecosystem approach. Maybe
  those involved in ocean management should
  automatically include coasts...
• On the other hand, there are key differences
  between ocean and coast. The latter
  necessarily must deal with
• jurisdictional concerns, the land/sea
  interface, and impacts of one on the other
• the reality of human settlements, large and
  small,
• the fact that on the coast, there is more scope
  for community-based and/or participatory
  management.

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Two Realities

• There are typically greater human complexities
  to be faced in management on the coast, but also
  a greater potential to draw on existing human
  institutions and community support for
  management.
• This implies that benefits and risks will each
  differ between a focus on coast vs. on open
  ocean, in terms of management.
• Suppose that a certain jurisdiction is involved
  in ICOM, and wishes to optimize its balance of
  coastal and ocean initiatives
• This balance may be holistic, strategic, i.e.
  seeking an overall balance among all activities,
  or of a marginal nature, i.e. given a certain
  current balance, to decide where to direct
  subsequent incremental expenditures.

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Key Issues to be Considered

• What is the current balance of management
  between coastal ocean?
• Where are the hot spots in the needs for
  management intervention?
• At what spatial scale are the hot spots found
  and/or best approached?
• To what extent can public and community
  involvement be utilized to increase efficiency of
  management in each of coastal and ocean efforts?
• To what extent might jurisdictional challenges
  reduce management efficiency of coastal and ocean
  efforts? What are risks of this happening?
• What are the opportunities for scaling-up
  from coastal initiatives to large-scale ocean
  management, or alternatively, scaling-down from
  a large-scale to coastal efforts?
• In specific cases, what social, economic,
  cultural, ecological or biophysical factors must
  be considered in impacting on the potential for
  success of coastal versus ocean efforts?