Transformation of the North: Agriculture to Industrialization

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Transformation of the North Agriculture to
Industrialization

• Melissa Carter
• APUSH
• Ch 12 OOM

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Farms

• Yeoman farms
• Family and community oriented
• Reciprocity (barter)
• Task-oriented system
• Men/boys worked the land
• Girls learned domestic skills from their mothers
• Home-work-leisure time intertwined

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Artisans and Workers

• Apprenticeships
• Later became a journeyman
• Master Craftsman

4
Patriarchy

• Entire household focused on work
• Men had unquestioned authority
• Legally- men held all power- could vote
• Women/children- no property rights
• Women unable to testify on their own behalf
• In divorce,men kept property, including children
• Sons inherited property when man died
• Few exceptions
• Men represented the interests of family

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Social Order

• Merchants
• Artisans
• Laborers

• Large Landowners
• Yeoman farmers
• Tenant farmers

Few challenged the authority of the rich to
govern.
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Market Revolution

• Improved transportation
• Commercialization
• Industrialization
• These supplied Americans with a large quantity of
  inexpensive, manufactured goods

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Putting-Out System

• Merchants at the center
• Families specialized on one aspect of an overall
  product
• Payment on a piecework basis
• Males earned more than females
• Merchants controlled the labor costs, production
  goals and styles

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Industrialization

• New England supported rapid industrialization
• Fast rivers
• Capitalists
• Began in Britain

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Samuel Slater

• Apprentice in cotton mill in Britain
• Disguised as a farm hand to emigrate to the US
• Memorized designs and shared with Americans
• Slaters Mill opened in 1790- most advanced
  cotton mill in America
• Copied British style of mill
• Became a millionaire

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Lowell Mills

• Francis Cabot Lowell
• Improved upon existing system
• A different kind of mill
• New England farm girls
• Company housing
• Company town

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Family Mills

• Smaller mills
• Mill hired entire family
• Patterned after Slaters Mill
• Children 50
• Men and Women 25 each

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American System of Manufactures

• Interchangeable parts
• First used with guns

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Changes

• Women have a voice
• Loss of patriarchal control
• Slavery vs. wage slaves
• Increased need for unskilled laborers
• Emergence of cash economy
• Loss of community
• Loss of flexibility
• Separation of work-home-leisure

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Early strikes

• Women in mills
• Sarah Bagley at Lowell
• New England Female Labor Reform Association
• Girls fired for participating
• Petitions, speaking out, strikes
• Wanted a 10 hour workday
• Passed by several states by the mid-19th c.

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POP QUIZ

• Describe the process of becoming a master
  craftsman.
• List the 3 aspects of the Market Revolution.
• Explain the emergence of industrialization in New
  England. Trace it from its start in Britain.
• Continued..

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• Describe the mills in Lowell. Consider how
  Lowell was different from the other mills at the
  time. Be thorough.
• What was the American system of manufactures?
• List and briefly explain 3 changes that occurred
  due to industrialization. (consider society)

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May I suggest..

• This book is about a girl who leaves her farm in
  NE and finds work in the Lowell mills.
• Historical fiction
• Quick and easy read

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Homework

• Finish the questions
• Finish the chapter
• In-class essay on Friday based on Chapter 12 only