Realism

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UNIT 3

• Realism

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Aristotle
Aristotle (with the features of Bramante)
depicted by Raphael holding his Ethics detail
from the Vatican fresco The School of Athens,
1510 1511
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Aristotle

• Student of Plato
• Biologist
• Change, process of change
• Reality is right before you
• Study nature, you can find truth

More about Aristotle http//www.utm.edu/research
/iep/a/aristotl.htm http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A
ristotle
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METAPHYSICS

• Plato believed that all things had two
  characteristics in common
• Form
• Matter
• Form and matter are in disproportionate amounts
• Matter can become anything but actualize in form

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Reality

• Form is actuality
• Matter The Principle of Potentiality
• Form is at the top of the pyramid, matter is at
  the bottom. Air, humans, animals, plants, earth
  come in-between.

Realism http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism
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Reality

• Metaphysically there is only one reality the
  physical world in which we live.
• There are laws that govern the world
• Our job is to discover these laws
• This is our primary reality
• You look at the way the world is, not how it
  could be.

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EPISTEMOLOGY

• Truth is fact which comes from analysis and
  research
• Scientific method
• Everything comes from nature, not the Real
  World.

Thoughts on Realism http//www.spaceandmotion.com
/
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EPISTEMOLOGY

• How do I know?
• Two concerns
• Spectating (observation)
• Corresponding

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Spectator Theory

• Observation
• I can observe the world as a machine
• I can learn through observation

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Correspondence Theory

• Idea in your mind corresponds to reality you can
  confer (or verify) your ideas and perceptions
  with others.
• If I want my idea to conform then I have to
  establish fact by correspondence.

Further Information on Correspondence
Theory http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-co
rrespondence/
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Truths in Realism

• Certain sureties in Nature
• Natural laws
• Regularities
• Natures plan
• Natural order

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Natures PlanNatural Order

• What realists want to discover
• Not where it came from, but what it is
• We know this plan from
• spectator theory
• correspondence theory
• Apply scientific method to everything

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Axiology

• Be natural
• Be yourself
• Natural order in the universe
• Obligation to follow the Natural Order
• We dont make the rules, but we have to follow
  them
• Dont follow the rules? sinning

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AXIOLOGY

• Golden Mean in the middle, balance
• Excess one extreme
• Defect other extreme
• Courage is mean of foolishness and cowardice

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Ethics

• To discover the purpose of anything you find its
  highest good.
• Nothing exists without a purpose
• inanimate animate
• Human-you reach your highest good when you reach
  your fullest capacity to reason.
• Final end of everything? Form!!!

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Aesthetics

• What is beautiful? Nature
• Portray people as they are, real people
• Art real, nature
• Design/Architecture function

Click
Realism Art Samples
The Gleaners by Jean-Francois Millet
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Education

• Structured Curriculum
• Aligned
• Systematic planning in Administration

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Len Bernstein
Cow and Shack
Man Washing Window
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Édouard Manet
A Bar at the Folies-Bergère (Le Bar aux
Folies-Bergère).
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Winslow Homer

• Cloud Shadows, 1890