Title: Sea-side Splat!
1 2Key Words
- Classification
- Taxonomy
- Taxon
- Phylogeny
- Binomial system
- Dichotomous key
3- Classification is the grouping of
- organisms based on similarities of features.
- Taxonomy is the science of studying
classification. It looks at features and tries to
arrange them in a logical order.
4A TAXON is a unit of hierarchical
classification
- hierarchical means in ascending sequence.
- A species is the fundamental taxon
- Groups of similar species form the next largest
taxon called a genus. - Groups of similar genera form the next largest
taxon called a family - and so on, up to the largest taxon Kingdom.
5What do you notice about how the names are
written?
- Fucus vesiculosus
- Fucus serratus
- Enteromorpha intestinalis
- Patella vulgata
- Balanus balanoides
- Actinia equina
- Littorina littorea
6Binomial 2 names
species all in lower case
Genus has a capital letter
Italics (or underlined) -to show the words are
different to ordinary text.
7- Panthera leo
- Panthera tigris
- Panthera pardus
- Canis lupus ( and Canis domestica)
- Pan troglodytes
- Ovis aries
- Rattus norvegicus Rattus rattus
- Perca fluviatalis
- Carcharodon carcharias
8and some easier ones!
- Boa constrictor
- Gorilla
- Giraffus
- Hippopotamus amphibius
- Bison bison
- Equus zebra
- Tyrannosaurus rex
- Elephas maximus
9Classification is hierarchical!Each unit is
called a TAXON there are 7 of them.
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- species
10Taxon Cat Man
KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
Genus
species
Animalia
Animalia
Chordata
Chordata
Mammalia
Mammalia
Primates
Carnivora
Felidae - cats
Anthropoids - apes
Felis
Homo
cattus
sapiens
11You need to remember the sequence for the exam
so heres how!
12Kinky Priests Come Over For Great Sex
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14Phylogeny
- A phylogenetic tree is a family tree that shows a
hypothesis about the evolutionary relationships
thought to exist among groups of organisms. It
does not show the actual evolutionary history of
organisms. - Why a hypothesis?
15Phylogenetic trees are usually based on a
combination of these lines of evidence
Fossil record Morphology
Embryological patterns of development
Chromosomes and DNA
16Fossils
17Similar morphology
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19Embryology
20DNA similarities
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22A phylogenetic tree
23The Dichotomous key
- A key is a device for easily and quickly
identifying - an unknown organism.
- The dichotomous key is the most widely used type
in biological sciences. - The user is presented with a sequence of
choices between TWO statements, couplets, based
on characteristics of the organism. By always
making the correct choice, the name of the
organism will be revealed.
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26Make a dichotomous key
27Phylogenetic example
1 a) Endotherm (constant body temperature) Goto 2
1 b) Ectotherm ( cold-blooded) Goto 5
2 a) Fur Goto 3
2 b) Feathers Parrot
3 a) Fins Whale
3 b) At least two legs Goto 4
4 a) wings Bat
4 b) 4 legs Cat
5 a) fins Fish
5 b) No fins or limbs Snake