Sea-side Splat! - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Sea-side Splat!

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Ovis aries. Rattus norvegicus ; Rattus rattus. Perca fluviatalis. Carcharodon carcharias ... Man. KINGDOM. PHYLUM. CLASS. ORDER. FAMILY. Genus. species ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Sea-side Splat!


1
  • Sea-side Splat!

2
Key Words
  • Classification
  • Taxonomy
  • Taxon
  • Phylogeny
  • Binomial system
  • Dichotomous key

3
  • Classification is the grouping of
  • organisms based on similarities of features.
  • Taxonomy is the science of studying
    classification. It looks at features and tries to
    arrange them in a logical order.

4
A TAXON is a unit of hierarchical
classification
  • hierarchical means in ascending sequence.
  • A species is the fundamental taxon
  • Groups of similar species form the next largest
    taxon called a genus.
  • Groups of similar genera form the next largest
    taxon called a family
  • and so on, up to the largest taxon Kingdom.

5
What do you notice about how the names are
written?
  • Fucus vesiculosus
  • Fucus serratus
  • Enteromorpha intestinalis
  • Patella vulgata
  • Balanus balanoides
  • Actinia equina
  • Littorina littorea

6
Binomial 2 names
  • Fucus vesiculosus

species all in lower case
Genus has a capital letter
Italics (or underlined) -to show the words are
different to ordinary text.
7
  • Panthera leo
  • Panthera tigris
  • Panthera pardus
  • Canis lupus ( and Canis domestica)
  • Pan troglodytes
  • Ovis aries
  • Rattus norvegicus Rattus rattus
  • Perca fluviatalis
  • Carcharodon carcharias

8
and some easier ones!
  • Boa constrictor
  • Gorilla
  • Giraffus
  • Hippopotamus amphibius
  • Bison bison
  • Equus zebra
  • Tyrannosaurus rex
  • Elephas maximus

9
Classification is hierarchical!Each unit is
called a TAXON there are 7 of them.
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • species

10
Taxon Cat Man
KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
Genus
species
Animalia
Animalia
Chordata
Chordata
Mammalia
Mammalia
Primates
Carnivora
Felidae - cats
Anthropoids - apes
Felis
Homo
cattus
sapiens
11
You need to remember the sequence for the exam
so heres how!
12
Kinky Priests Come Over For Great Sex
13
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14
Phylogeny
  • A phylogenetic tree is a family tree that shows a
    hypothesis about the evolutionary relationships
    thought to exist among groups of organisms. It
    does not show the actual evolutionary history of
    organisms.
  • Why a hypothesis?

15
Phylogenetic trees are usually based on a
combination of these lines of evidence    
Fossil record     Morphology    
Embryological patterns of development    
Chromosomes and DNA
16
Fossils
17
Similar morphology
18
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19
Embryology
20
DNA similarities
21
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22
A phylogenetic tree
23
The Dichotomous key
  • A key is a device for easily and quickly
    identifying
  • an unknown organism.
  • The dichotomous key is the most widely used type
    in biological sciences.
  • The user is presented with a sequence of
    choices between TWO statements, couplets, based
    on characteristics of the organism. By always
    making the correct choice, the name of the
    organism will be revealed.

24
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25
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26
Make a dichotomous key
27
Phylogenetic example
1 a) Endotherm (constant body temperature) Goto 2
1 b) Ectotherm ( cold-blooded) Goto 5
2 a) Fur Goto 3
2 b) Feathers Parrot
3 a) Fins Whale
3 b) At least two legs Goto 4
4 a) wings Bat
4 b) 4 legs Cat
5 a) fins Fish
5 b) No fins or limbs Snake
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