Chapter 24 Differentiated European Integration

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Chapter 24Differentiated European Integration

• Cini (ed.) European Union Politics, 2nd edition
• OUP Online Teaching Resources

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Structure of the Lecture

• Flexibility becomes a Norm in the EU
• Three Models of Differentiated Integration
• Three Models of Differentiated Integration
• Potential Problems of Differentiation

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Flexibility becomes a Norm in the EU

• Two examples
• The Schengen area and the Euro zone

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Flexibility becomes a Norm in the EU

• What is differentiated integration?
• Flexible integration, enhanced cooperation, etc.
• Treaty basis of differentiated integration
• The Maastricht Treaty and the EMU
• The Amsterdam Treaty
• The Nice Treaty

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Flexibility becomes a Norm in the EU

• Other reasons for differentiated integration
• The implementation of directives
• The incorporation of external agreements
  (Schengen)
• The Open Method of Coordination
• The enlargement process

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Three Models of Differentiated Integration

• Multi-speed Europe
• Time as the main variable of differentiation
• Integration á la carte
• Policy as the main variable of differentiation

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Three Models of Differentiated Integration

• Concentric circles
• Space as the main variable of differentiation
• Enhanced cooperation in the Nice Treaty

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Potential Problems of Differentiation

• The potential break-up of the EU into smaller
  sub-systems
• The problem of democratic deficit could be
  aggravated
• The solidarity between member states could be
  undermined
• European integration and the models of
  differentiated integration

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The Impact of Differentiation on the EU

• How does differentiated integration contribute to
  European integration?
• Differentiation encourages outsiders to join
• Faster progression attracts participation
• The explanation of public goods theory

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The Impact of Differentiation on the EU

• How to ensure differentiation benefit the
  integration process
• All member states involve in the decision-making
• Differentiation opens to the outside member
  states