Applying Pesticides

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Applying Pesticides

• Original Power Point Created by Casey Osksa
• Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education
  Curriculum Office
• June 2002

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Pesticide Management
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Identifying Common Pests

• Sites infested areas
• Target pest that pesticide is intended for
• Host animal or plant that is to be protected
• Pages 6-13

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Classifications of Pesticides

• Insects
• Insecticide
• Mites
• Miticide
• Mites, ticks and spiders
• Acaricide

• Snails Slugs
• Molluscicide
• Fungi
• Fungicide
• Nematodes
• Nematicide
• Bacteria
• Bactericide

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Classifications of Pesticides

• Weeds
• Herbicide
• Predatory Animal
• Predacide
• Rodents
• Rodenticide
• Birds
• Avicide

• Fish
• Piscicide
• Plant Growth
• Plant Growth Regulators
• Leaves on Plants
• Defoliant, Dessicant

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Pesticide Characteristics

• Pesticide substance intended to prevent,
  destroy, repel, or mitigate any pest
• also plant regulator, defoliant, or dessicant

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Pesticide Characteristics

• Chemical Basis of Pesticides
• Synthetic Organic Pesticides are man made
• Malathion, 2,4-D
• Plant Derived Organic Pesticides are made from
  parts of plants
• Inorganic Pesticides are made from minerals
• Lead Arsenate

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Pesticide Characteristics

• Toxicity of Pesticides
• Refers to how poisonous a pesticide is to warm
  blooded animals
• Danger Highly Toxic
• Skull Crossbones and Poison
• Warning Moderately Toxic
• Caution Slightly Toxic

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Pesticide Characteristics

• Use of Pesticide
• Specific uses

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Effect of Pesticides on Pests

• Stomach Poison kills when swallowed
• Contact Poison sprayed directly on pest
• Fumigants gas inhaled or absorbed
• Translocated Herbicides kills plants by being
  absorbed by roots
• Systemics will kill pest when it eats the host,
  but doesnt harm host

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Effect of Pesticides on Pests

• Sterilants pests are unable to reproduce
• Anticoagulants prevents normal blood clotting
• Pheromones change the normal behavior of pests
• Protectants prevent pest entry

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Effect of Pesticides on Pests

• Plant Growth Regulators control the rate of
  growth of plants
• Defoliants and Dessicants cause plants to shed
  their leaves

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Pesticide Characteristics

• Persistence of Pesticides refers to how long the
  Pesticide remains in the environment
• Pesticide must break down to a harmless residue
  before harvest
• May be a time delay for safe consumption

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Formulation of Pesticides

• Form in which chemical is available
• Liquid Formulations
• Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC or E) mix with water
• Solution (S) is ready to use
• Flowable (F) Thick liquid, mix with water to form
  a suspension

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Formulation of Pesticides Liquid

• Fumigant, pressurized container turns to gas
• Aerosol (A) applied from a pressurized can or
  special sprayer

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Formulation of Pesticides Dry

• Dusts (D) must be used dry
• Granules (G) larger than dust, must be used dry
• Wettable Powder (WP or W) looks like dust, must
  be mixed with water, aggitate
• Soluble Powder (SP) dissolves in water
• Baits pesticide mixed with attractant

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Selectivity of Pesticides

• A selective pesticide kills some pests and not
  others
• Ex kills only broadleaf plants or only grasses
• Non-selectives kill many pests
• Ex Roundup kills all plants

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Reading the Label

• The label is a Legal Document
• Read and follow directions on the label
• What you will find on the label
• Use Classification
• General Use can be applied by anyone
• Restricted Use certified applicators or under
  their direct supervision

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Reading the Label

• Brand Name Roundup
• Common Name made up name for the active
  ingredient (not all have one)
• Chemical Name words that you cant pronounce to
  identify chemicals in product
• Formulation Dry, Soluble, WP
• Ingredients must be identified by chemical and
  common name except inert ingredients

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Reading the Label

• Signal Words Danger Warning Caution
• Child Hazard Statement Keep out of reach of
  children
• Statement of Practical Treatment first aid
• Reentry Statement if applicable, time to wait
  before reentering field treated

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Reading the Label

• Precautionary Statements possible hazards to
  humans, environment etc
• Name Address of manufacturer
• EPA registration number
• EPA establishment number
• Net Contents

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Reading the Label

• Directions for Use
• Misuse statement
• pests it will control (target)
• where it may be applied (sites)
• types of equipment to use
• restrictions for protection of environment
• frequency and timing of application
• storage and disposal of pesticide and container

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Who can use pesticides?

• Anyone can buy use pesticides classified for
  General Use
• Restricted Use pesticides can only be used by
  Certified Applicators and employees
• Private Applicators use on your own crops
• Commercial Applicators for hire

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Liabilities Involved

• Follow all directions for use on the label
• Never leave pesticides where children or animals
  me be exposed
• Never apply where rain or irrigation runoff may
  cause pollution
• Minimize probability of drift
• low wind
• coolest part of day
• largest practical nozzle size

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Pesticides enter the body via

• Dermal through the skin
• Ingestion swallowing
• Inhalation breathing

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Liabilities Involved

• Check label for re-entry period
• Keep records of all injuries
• medical treatment
• loss of consciousness
• loss of work
• transfer to another job
• death

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Pesticide Records

• What pesticide purchased
• application dates
• name of applicator
• target (pest), site (crop)
• severity of infestation
• equipment used
• amounts of pesticide used

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Transporting Pesticides

• Pesticides must be in original packages
• Vehicle must have correct warning sign
• Must not be hauled in same vehicle as food
• Notify DOT if someone is killed, seriously
  injured, or serious damage
• Report spillage on a public road

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What Pesticide to Use

• Identify Pest
• Become familiar with many methods of control
• Estimate level of infestation
• Compare methods of application
• Remember all hazards
• Select pesticide for best control least hazard

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Methods of Application

• Spraying most popular method
• Granular Application on plowed soil, grass
• Dusting for dusts
• Fogging insect control
• Dipping livestock, lumber

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Protective Clothing

• Coveralls or long sleeved shirt and long pants
• Raincoat or liquid proof apron
• Hard hat or other water proof hat
• Unlined neoprene boots
• Unlined neoprene gloves (above wrists)
• Goggles or face shield
• Respirator

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Types of Respirators

• Cartridge chemical filter for low level
  pesticide concentrations
• Chemical Canister higher levels
• Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus compressed
  air bottle

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First Aid

• Immediately, notify a doctor
• Remove contaminated clothes
• Wash skin with water and detergent
• Flush eyes with running water for at least 15
  minutes (low pressure)
• If swallowed, check label for treatment (only
  induce vomiting if recommended)
• Inhaled, get fresh air, lie down

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Signs and Symptoms Mild Poisoning

• Irritation of skin, eyes, nose throat
• Headache
• Weakness
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Dizziness

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Signs and Symptoms Moderate Poisoning

• Blurred vision, difficult breathing
• Poor muscle coordination, rapid pulse
• Flushed skin, constriction of pupils
• Stomach cramps, vomiting
• Muscle twitches

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Signs and Symptoms Severe Poisoning

• Convulsions, inability to breath
• Loss of consciousness
• Secretions from the mouth and nose
• Possible fever
• May be fatal

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Storing Pesticides

• Store in original containers is a safe, dry,
  locked and well ventilated place

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Disposing of Empty Containers

• After emptying containers, rinse 3 times and pour
  rinse water in sprayer
• Dispose of container as directed

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Group I Containers

• Burn in special incinerators
• Burn in small numbers in the open
• Bury in special landfill or singly at least 18
  inches deep in open field
• Exception containers which held lead, mercury,
  cadmium or arsenic

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Group II Containers

• Containers wont burn
• Crush and bury as in Group I
• Deliver to scrap metal dealer
• If reusable, rinse and return to supplier

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Group III Containers

• Held mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic or inorganic
  pesticides
• Rinse tree times
• Bury in sanitary landfill

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