Macintosh Platform

1
Macintosh Platform

• Many aspects of modern PC operating systems and
  user-interfaces were introduced and/or
  popularized on the Macintosh
• GUI (Graphical User Interface)
• WYSIWYG (what-you-see-is-what-you-get)
• Plug and Play hardware/software installation
• continued...

2
Macintosh OS

• Introduced or popularized
• multimedia (sound, digital video)
• User programming environments like Visual Basic
  (HyperCard)
• Desktop metaphor and icons
• Direct manipulation interfaces
• many more

3
Macintosh Platform

• originally, hardware and OS were integrated
• First macs came with everything you needed
  already assembled inside a single case
• built-in networking capability called LocalTalk
  and EtherNet
• the latest Mac OS System 8.0
• Rhapsody, Apples OS based on Next OS and Mach
  kernel (Unix OS) is expected in January 1998

4
Macintosh Platform

• window display
• A window is a view of some data
• multiple windows can be opened simultaneously
• window can be closed while the application
  program is still running
• Highly refined and consistent user interface

5
Macintosh Models

• Originally, Apple manufactured all computers
  using the Mac OS
• maintained control over design and features
• Entire system was an Apple product

6
Macintosh Models

• Until recently, clones were also available that
  run the Mac OS
• Licenses to manufacture Macs were granted to
• IBM Motorola, PowerComputing, Umax, PowerTool,
  APS and others
• This month, Apple rescinded clone licensing, and
  purchased PowerComputing

7
Macintosh Models

• First Macs were based on Motorola 68000 family of
  processors
• classic-style Macs
• Mac Plus, SE, SE/30, Mac Classic, Classic II,
  Color Classic
• came with everything you needed already assembled
  inside a case
• Steve Jobs, company founder, wanted a computer as
  easy to set up as a Cuisinart

8
Macintosh Models

• All currently manufactured computers using Mac OS
  use PowerPC processors
• This includes all Apple computers and all clones
• PowerPC chips are comparable to or exceed the
  performance of the Intel Pentium chips

9
Macintosh models

• Current Mac OS computers use more industry
  standard components and architectures such as
• PCI bus
• IDE hard disk drives
• Costs of Mac OS computers are comparable to
  Intel-based computers running Windows

10
Starting Up

• Most Mac OS computers have a power key on the
  keyboard
• press the key to start the computer
• The Mac will boot up from the System on the hard
  disk.
• There is no power switch

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Starting up

• The Desktop metaphor
• You see it when you first start up
• a metaphor for viewing files and resources on
  disks
• The Finder
• system software that manages the Desktop
• Handles tasks like starting programs and managing
  files

12
Desktop and Finder
13
Mouse

• pointing and selecting device
• single click
• double click
• press - holding the button down
• press-and-drag
• hot spot - the tip of the pointer
• other input devices
• trackball, touchpad, joy stick, pen

14
Desktop

• top level of the directory hierarchy
• appears at the bottom of the list in a dialog box
• home base of all the applications
• any file can be stored
• better be clean and organized

15
Menus

• Mac OS interface is very consistent
• location and contents of menu is consistent from
  one application to the next (such as PowerPoint
  Internet Explorer)

16
Menus

• keyboard shortcuts
• Apple menu
• a special menu available at all times

17
Menus and Dialogs

• dialog boxes
• edit boxes

18
Menus

• pull-down menu
• click the mouse button, slide down, and release
  when the menu item you want is highlighted
• pop-up menu (hierarchical menu)
• indicated by small black triangles
• press the mouse button, slide down and out to the
  side, and release

19
Contextual menus

• control-click on an icon to get menu
• convenient access to relevant commands

Menu for a folder
Menu for a window
20
Visual Clues in Menus

• gray vs. black commands
• keyboard command shortcuts
• ellipses in the menus
• shadows of the boxes
• sideways arrows
• downward-pointing arrows

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Windows in Macintosh
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Windows in Macintosh
Title Bar
Zoom Box
Close Box
Collapse Box
Grow Box
Scroll Bars
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Windows in Macintosh

• close box
• title bar
• zoom box
• size box or grow box
• scroll bars
• collapse box
• gray or white scroll bars
• scroll arrow

24
Windows in Macintosh

• moving a window
• press-and-drag the title bar
• activate a window
• click on any visible part of it
• resizing a window
• press-and-drag in the size box
• enlarging a window
• click in the zoom box

25
Windows in Macintosh

• viewing contents larger than the window
• by pressing on a scroll arrow in the gray scroll
  bar
• by press-and-drag the scroll box in the gray
  scroll bar or
• by clicking in any gray area of the bar

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Windows in Macintosh

• Collapsing a window
• click on the collapse box
• Expanding a window
• click again on the collapse box

27
Desktop Windows

• changing views of the window
• view as Icons, buttons or list
• in list view click heading to change the order of
  view such as by Name

28
Desktop Windows - Spring loaded

• Drag window to bottom of screen
• window is replaced by a tab
• dragging an object to the tab opens the window

29
Window views

• customizing the look of windows and menus
• Appearance Control Panel

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Icons
Hard disk Icons
Hard Disk Icon
Document Icon
Folder Icon
Program Icon
Trash Icon
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Icons

• disk icons
• folder icons
• application (or program) icons
• document icons
• blank document icons
• system icons
• highlighted icons vs. dimmed icons

32
Icons

• the Trash icon
• a special icon used to discard objects (such as
  files, folders, or applications)
• putting an object in the Trash tells the Mac to
  prepare to delete the object
• the object will not be actually deleted until you
  select Empty Trash under the Special menu

33
Icons

• Single-clicking
• Icon becomes dark, that means it is selected.
• Double-clicking
• open an folder or activate a already opened
  folder
• run an application program

34
Icons

• moving icons
• press-and-drag them
• renaming icons
• click once on the icons name and type the new
  name
• Shared files cannot be renamed.

35
Icons

• selecting multiple icons
• click outside one of them and drag
• Shift-clicking each one of them
• selecting everything
• choose Select All in the Edit menu
• press Command A

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Dealing with Floppy Disks

• if you insert a blank disk, itll ask you if you
  want to initialize it
• to reinitialize an old disk, choose Erase Disk
  from the Special menu
• initializing a disk wipes out all the existing
  files
• to eject a disk, drag a disk icon to the Trash

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Macintosh Floppy Disks

• One-sided (400K)
• not very common anymore
• Two-sided (800K)
• information is stored on both sides of the disk
• High-density (1.4M)
• information is stored on both sides in a
  compressed format

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Get Info

• locking/unlocking the file
• check or uncheck the Locked box
• stationary pad
• template - reusable pattern of a document

39
Getting help

• Help menu on the menu bar or contextual menu
• balloon help
• Application-specific help
• Apple Guides
• on-line help about applications and Mac OS topics

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Getting help - Help menu

• Balloon help
• Application specific help topics

41
Getting help - Guides

• Guided assistance on a specific task such as
  erasing a disk

Select a topic
Guide Software highlights and guides you through
doing the process.
42
Shutting Down

• software shut-down
• select Shut Down from the Special menu

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File Management

• Folders
• hierarchical file system (HFS)
• a disk stores many folders, which store related
  files
• Files can be added to a folder or removed from a
  folder by press-and-drag the icons.

44
File Management

• creating a new folder
• naming the new folder
• can be as long as 32 characters
• changing the name of a folder
• moving and copying a folder

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File Management

• copying files
• from the hard disk to a floppy disk
• from a floppy disk to a hard disk
• from floppy to floppy with only one floppy drive
• more than one file at a time
• selection marquee
• Shift-Click

46
File Management

• duplicating files
• create an exact copy of a file or folder
• use the Duplicate option under the File menu
• the duplicate icon will appear next to the
  original with the word Copy added to the original
  icon name (e.g., System Folder Copy)

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Deleting Files

• Press-and-drag an icon of the file to the trash
  can.
• Empty the trash can.
• It wont be completely deleted until the computer
  is turned off.
• But, its difficult to recover once the trash can
  is emptied.

48
Deleting Files

• To delete any type of file, you drag the file to
  the Trash, which is actually a folder.
• At this point, the file is still completely
  intact, but it is designated to be discarded.
• You can drag a file out of the Trash at any time
  before emptying trash.

49
Deleting a File

• When you select Empty Trash from the Special
  menu, the Finder deletes the files entry from
  the Desktop file, and the files icon disappears
  from the trash.
• Though the Finder can no longer locate the file,
  it still exists on the disk and can be recovered
  with file recovery software.

50
Opening Files

• opening an application program
• Double-click on an application icon
• opening a document icon
• Double-click on a document icon.
• Associated program runs automatically.
• If the application program is not in the disk, it
  shows error message.

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Opening Files

• dragging the document icon and dropping it on its
  application icon
• go to Open under the File menu
• navigating a dialog box

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Wordprocessing

• I-beam
• visual clue of being in a typing mode
• click on an insertion point to begin typing
• double-click on a word to select the word
• press-and-drag to select more than one word
• to deselect text by clicking anywhere

53
Wordprocessing

• word wrap (soft return)
• words wrap themselves around onto the next line
• no need of hitting the Return key
• hard return
• pressing the Return key
• used for a new paragraph

54
Wordprocessing

• blank spaces
• can be also selected and manipulated
• text alignment
• right, center, left, justified
• Blank spaces are treated as letters.
• fonts
• select text first and change

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Wordprocessing

• Clipboard
• a holding area for whatever you cut or copy from
  a document
• can hold only one item at a time
• cut, copy
• move or copy selected text or graphic to the
  Clipboard
• paste
• inserts a copy of whats on the Clipboard

56
Wordprocessing

• special characters
• access to Key Caps under the Apple menu
• different font has a different set of special
  characters
• find the character by pressing Shift, Option or
  Shift-Option
• remember the keystroke combination

57
Saving

• A working document is in random access memory
  (RAM) until it is saved.
• Saving it will place the file onto physical disk
  (i.e., hard disk or floppy disk).
• Save As... can make different versions of the
  document.

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Printing

• Two categories of Mac printers
• Ink Jet
• uses ink-jet technology to print an image
• slower than laser printers
• Laser
• offer high-quality outputs
• have a set of built-in fonts

59
Selecting a Printer

• Chooser
• tell your Mac where your printer is
• Make sure that Apple Talk is active.
• Click on the icon of the printer you are going to
  use.
• option background printing
• slower, but you can continue your work

60
Printing

• Page Setup dialog box
• paper orientation
• paper size
• scale (reduce or enlarge)
• printer effects
• print option
• print quality
• page number

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Printing

• print the window
• activate the window you want to print
• choose Print Window under the File
• print the desktop
• click on the Desktop
• choose Print Desktop under the File

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Finishing

• close documents
• quit applications
• eject floppy diskettes
• shut down
• turn off the computer if it tells you to do so

63
Apple Menu

• a customizable list that gives you immediate
  access to frequently used programs and utilities
• includes several useful programs to configure and
  customize the Mac
• you can even add your own programs to the Apple
  menu

64
Desk Accessories examples

• Alarm Clock
• Calculator
• Key Caps
• Note Pad
• Puzzle
• Scrapbook vs. Clipboard

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Fonts

• set of characters created with a consistent
  design
• two basic types of fonts
• serif
• feet added to the main strokes of a letter (e.g.,
  ABCDEFGHIJKLMN)
• sans serif (without serifs)
• does not have feet (e.g., ABCDEFGHI)

66
Font Technologies

• two types of fonts
• PostScript
• developed by Adobe
• page description language
• PostScript printers have to interpret the
  language
• TrueType
• developed jointly by Apple and Microsoft

67
PostScript Fonts

• scaleable, outline fonts
• two parts
• screen (or bitmapped) fonts
• printer (or outline) fonts
• Screen fonts and printer fonts may not be the
  same.
• describes everything in a document mathematically

68
TrueType Fonts

• scaleable, outline fonts
• Screen fonts and printer fonts are integrated.
• use a different mathematical system from
  PostScript fonts
• used by both Mac and PC platform
• less typefaces available than Postscript

69
Proportional vs. Nonproportional Fonts

• proportional fonts
• each character takes up a different amount of
  space
• e.g., Times Roman or New York
• nonproportional fonts
• each character occupies the same amount of space
• e.g., Courier or Monaco

70
Control Panels

• let you customize how your Mac looks and acts
• Appearance
• General Controls
• Date Time
• Keyboard
• Monitors
• Mouse

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Control Panels

• Appearance
• changing the Desktop Pattern and Pictures

72
Control Panels

• General Controls
• changing the Blink Rate
• selecting whether the desktop is shown in the
  background behind an applications windows

73
Control Panels

• Sound
• lets you set the sound thats used for a beep and
  adjust its volume
• if you turn the sound all the way down to 0, the
  menu bar will flash to alert
• Startup Disk
• lets you choose which disk to use as the startup
  disk

74
Control Panels

• Mouse
• change the mouse tracking speed
• change the double-click speed
• Keyboard
• change the key repeat rate
• specify the keyboard layout

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Memory

• random access memory (RAM)
• determines how many programs you can run at the
  same time
• virtual memory
• uses space on a hard disk
• stores least recent information
• CPU treats it as RAM
• much slower than real RAM

76
Memory

• cache
• temporary storage place
• RAM cache
• speeds up RAM access
• expansion card
• disk cache
• speeds up disk access
• piece of RAM

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RAM Disk (or Virtual Disk)

• pretend had disk made out of memory
• Anything on the RAM disk will disappear after
  shut-down
• gives the speed of RAM with the easy
  accessibility of a disk drive
• acts like an ordinary disk drive

78
Aliases

• fake icons that represent the real thing
  (shortcut to the original)
• double-clicking on it opens the program,
  document, desk accessories, disk, folder, control
  panels, etc.
• created for frequently used files
• keep files in different locations without
  actually duplicating the file

79
Aliases

• creating an alias
• Select the item to make an alias
• Choose Make Alias from the File menu or use
  contextual menu.
• Drag the alias icon to wherever you want to keep
  it.
• Double-click it to open the file.

80
Aliases

• finding the original file
• Click once on the alias.
• Choose Get Info from the File.
• Click the button Find Original
• OR use the Find Original option in the contextual
  menu for an alias

81
Finding Files

• Choose Find.. from the File menu.
• If you know the name, type it.
• Or click the button More Choices.
• a portion of the name
• the date created
• label/color assigned
• kind of file it is