Psychology 3260: Personality

1
Psychology 3260 Personality Social Development

• Don Hartmann
• Spring 2007
• Lecture 23a Aggression General

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Handout Summary

• Handout
  WEB
• Date Date
• 33. Lect. 15 Attachment I ------ 02/13
• 34. Study Guide 7 ------ 02/16
• 35. Lect. 16a Attachment II Mat.
  Employ . ------ 02/16
• 36. Lect. 17a Social CognitionThe
  Self ------ 02/22
• 37. Study Guide 8 ------ 02/23
• 38. Student Presentation 1 Child
  Abuse ------ 02/26
• 39. Student Presentation 2 Adolescent
  Sex ------ 02/28
• 40. Lect. 16b Attachment II Day
  Care ------ 03/01
• 41. Lect. 17b SCSelf-esteem ------ 03/05
• 42. Study Guide 9 ------ 03/06
• 43. Stud. Present. 3 Gay/Lesbian
  Adoption ------ 03/07
• 44. Study Guide 10 ------ 03/09
• 45. Lect. 17c SCIdentity ------ 03/09
• 46. Lect. 19a GenderGays Lesbians ------ 0
  3/13
• 47. Lect. 23a Aggression (General) ------ 03/2
  6
• 48. Study Guide 11 ------ 03/36

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Class Presentation Schedule

• Members Topic Date
• Feb. 14
• ML, RJ, MW, LM, JR Abused children Feb. 21
• SH, KE, LB, SH, ? Adolescent Sexuality Feb. 28
• MB, MJ, DL, SP, PY Gay Adoption Mar. 07
• NJ, EM, JSJ, KW, AN Media Women Apr.
  04 Gender Apr. 11
• TC, BA, CW, EK, LN Divorce Apr. 18

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Incomplete Class Presentation Grades

• Range 19.5-34 Mdn27
• Range
• 32- 3
• 28-31 3
• 24-27 5
• 20-23 2

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WEB Discussion 25

• III. G. Aggressive males. Jungs. Summary due
  on Wednesday, March 28th. A speaker claims that
  one of the strongest laws of human behavior is
  that males are unquestionably more aggressive
  than females. How might you challenge this
  pronouncement as representing a potentially
  serious overstatement?

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WEB Discussion Summary

• Group 2 Due Date 3 Due Date 4 Due Date
• First (Foam Fingers) 02/08 (??) 03/16 (03/16)
• Second (X-man) 02/10 (02/14) 03/02 (03/02)
• Fourth (Panthers) 02/12 (02/19) 03/11
• Fifth (Spice Guys) 02/14 (02/26) 03/18
• Sixth (avere personalita) 02/16 (02/28) 03/20
• Seventh (Saints Row) 02/19 (03/05) 03/26
• Ninth (Jungs) 02/28 (02/28) 03/28
• Note Groups 3 (Develop This) and 8 (Good
  Question) have been disbanded as a result of
  failure to provide WEB summaries. Panthers and
  Spice Guys are about to achieve a similar fate!

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Quiz 2 Results

• Multiple Choice
• Range 15-40 Mdn.32
• Score f
• gt37 08
• 34-37 15
• 30-33 14
• 26-29 05
• lt26 08
• -----
• Note 60 of 43 items 26.

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Quiz 2 Results (continued)

• Essay
• Range 3.5-20.5 Mdn.15
• Score f
• 20- 04
• 16-19 19
• 12-15 13
• 08-11 8
• 04-07 6

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Quiz 2 Results (continues)

• Total Score
• Range 24.5-61 Mdn.48 58100
• Score f
• 60- 02
• 55-59 03
• 50-54 18
• 45-49 08
• 40-44 06
• 35-39 06
• 30-34 02
• 25-29 04
• lt25 01
• -----
• Will the following students please arrange to
  meet with me soon MB, RC, ME, AH, AJ, JM, BM,
  JM, RP, SP, MS, BS, MW.

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Still Other Administration

• For those of you writing a paper, note that the
  COREL program in Word Perfect has APA form and
  style as an option.
• For assistance is writing references, check the
  following WEB site
• Marriott Library
• Help with Research
• Marriott Library How-to Guides
• Citing Sources(includes in-text
• citations), and
• Citing Sources(citing sources in
• reference lists)

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Overview Aggression

• Text Overlap Pp. 270-287
• Lecture
• Introduction
• Definition
• Theories
• Developmental Trends
  in Aggression
• Next Lect. 20 Bullying

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Supplemental References Aggression

• Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression A social
  learning analysis. Oxford, England
  Prentice-Hall.
•  Reid, J. B., Patterson, G. R., Snyder, J.
  (2002). Antisocial behavior in children and
  adolescents A developmental analysis and model
  for intervention. Washington, DC American
  Psychological Association.

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Definitions

• Definition
• Example from the Yale group who brought you the
  Frustration-aggression hypothesis (Miller,
  Dollard, et al.)
• Problem of Intent
• Finesses to skirt
• intentionalityand
• their problems
• Buss
• Baron
• Bandurasubjective social labeling

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Aggression?
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Theories Instinct

• Instinct Theories Freud Lorenz
• E.g., thanatos
• But, note environmental disruption
• Kuos study of kittens who were raised alone,
  with their rat-killing moms, or with rats. Which
  cats are killing rats? Those raised
• alone 45
• with rat-killing moms 85
• with rats 17

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Theories Learning

• Learning Theories
• Frustration-Aggression Theory (Dollard et al.)
• Frustration??Aggression
• Berkowitz's revised F-A Theory
• Importance of anger arousal (e.g., stemming from
  frustration) as well as aggressive cues
• Pattersons Coercion Theory

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Learning Theories(continued)

• Pattersons Coercion Theory
• Patterson emphasizes the importance of negative
  reinforcement in the development and maintenance
  of aggression.
• A particularly important construct is that of
  coercionwhere individuals (particularly family
  members) use negative means to control one
  another.

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(No Transcript)
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Coercion Illustrating Negative Reinforcement

• (1) A girl teasing her older brother, who makes
  her stop teasing by yelling at her. ? teasing
  is reduced (punished) by ? yelling ? yelling is
  strengthened (negatively reinforced) as it
  terminates ? teasing.
• (2) A few minutes later, the girl calls her
  brother a nasty name. The boy then chases and
  hits herand ? stops calling him nasty names as ?
  chasing and hitting serve as punishments for ?
  name calling. ? Chasing and hitting are
  negatively reinforced by the termination of ?
  name-calling.
• (3)She then whimpers and hits him back, and he
  withdraws. ? withdrawal negatively reinforces ?
  hits ? hits serve as punishment for ? chasing
  and hitting.

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Cognitive?
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Theories Cognitive

• Bandura
• Acquisition Imitation reinforcement of
  aggressive acts
• Cognitive processes including
• Denigration of victim
• Evaluating aggression positively
• Self-reinforcing aggressive responding
• Dodges Information Processing
  Theory

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The Dodge Model Diagrammatically
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Reactive Aggressors

• Have history of bickering with peers.
• Have hostile attribution bias.
• More likely to become angry.

• Short circuit search.
• Respond aggressively.

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Even Plants Do It!
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Developmental Trends in Aggression (1)

• Aggression in toddlers?
• In 21 month infants, 1 conflict/hr.
• Typically involved contested objects
• What then? Decrease or increase?
• Difficult to determine because of developmental
  transformations
• In general, however, there appears to be
  decreases in physical aggression and
  increases in verbal
  aggression for preschool
  children

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Stability
r

• While different forms of aggression are changing
  in rate (so forms are unstable across time), are
  children stable (consistent in rank order in some
  group)?
• Modest to substantial stability from elementary
  school through young adult, particularly for boys
  (3.lt r lt .6).

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Why Developmental Trends in Aggression?

• Changes in childrens skills
• Increasing verbal skills
• Greater empathy
• More planful less impulsive
• Changes in parental values discipline
• Preparing child for broader social encounters
• Intolerant of unsubtle forms of aggression the
  infliction of physical pain
• Changes in social contexts Greater control
  exercised by
• Peers
• Teachers and other extra-familial socializing
  agents

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Summary of Aggression--General

• Introduction
• Definition
• Theories
• Developmental Trends
  in Aggression
• Next Lecture 20 Bullying