HIV to AIDS

1
HIV to AIDS

• Adam Jones

2
Main Theories

• THEORY 1
• Began in 1940 in Africa
• Thought hunters were butchering monkeys that had
  SIV, a disease with similar characteristic as HIV
• THEORY 2
• In the United States, common vaccinations were
  unsanitary without regulations, and it is thought
  that this spread the disease

3
In the beginning

• First big outbreak
• NYC 1981
• Thought it was Gay Cancer
• 1984 HIV virus discovered

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What is HIV?

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Results in AIDS
• Acquired Immune Deficiency Disease
• Both Weaken the immune system
• HIV will not kill you
• AIDS is acquired and breaks down your
  immune system

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Diagnosis

• ELISA Test
• If positive
• Western blot
• Usually used to confirm readings.
• If negative
• Should take it another 2 times to be safe because
  it could be in the dormant stage.

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Diagnosis Ctnd

• More Tests to Confirm ELISA
• Screening
• Count the anti-bodies
• Viral Load Test
• T Cell Count

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HIV to AIDS

• Full blown Aids
• possessing fewer than 200 T-cells
• At Least 2 Opportunistic Illnesses
• Examples
• Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC)
• Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC)
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
• Hepatitis
• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
• Cryptococcal Meningitis
• Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
• Pneumonia (bacterial)
• Toxoplasmosis

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Fluids to be aware of

• Blood
• Vaginal Secretions
• Sperm
• Breast Milk

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Common Modes of Transmission

• Breast milk
• Breast Feeding
• Vaginal Secretions Sperm
• Unprotected Sex
• Blood to Blood
• Sharing of needles
• Birth
• Tattoos
• Unprotected first-aid
• Blood Transfusions
• Really rare now.

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Is it Spreading?

• People usually spread the disease because they
  are unaware they have it.
• Blood transfusion?
• Used to be a problem, but now the bloods is
  tested before it can be used in the hospital.
• Donating?
• After you donate, your blood is tested for free
  so it is safe for the receiver.

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Treatments

• Preventative/Therapeutic Vaccines
• Different Prescribed Drugs to treat positive
  people
• Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
• NNRTIs bind to and disable reverse transcriptase,
  a protein that HIV needs to make more copies of
  itself.
• Protease Inhibitors
• PIs disable protease, a protein that HIV needs to
  make more copies of itself
• Fusion Inhibitors
• Fusion Inhibitors prevent HIV entry into cells
• Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
• NRTIs are faulty versions of building blocks that
  HIV needs to make more copies of itself. When HIV
  uses an NRTI instead of a normal building block,
  reproduction of the virus is stalled.

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The Red Cross Helps Out!

• Many different public awareness programs
• Programs
• Basic aids/HIV
• African American aids/HIV
• Hispanic aids/HIV
• Workplace aids/HIV
• Programs for youth
• Get a FREE blood test
• When You Donate blood

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The Destruction Done?

• More than 20 million have died since aids was
  discovered.
• AIDS-associated illnesses caused the deaths of
  approximately 2.9 million people worldwide in
  2003
• estimated 490,000 children younger than 15 years
• 37.8 million worldwide in 2003 were diagnosed
• 35.7 million adults and 2.1 million children
  younger than 15 years

• As of the end of 2002, an estimated 384,906
  people in the United States were living with AIDS
• an estimated 501,669 people with AIDS in the US
  had died
• 40,000 new HIV infections occur each year in the
  United States, about 70 percent among men and 30
  percent among women.
• Half are younger than 25
• estimate that 850,000 to 950,000 U.S. residents
  living with HIV infection
• 25 are unaware of their infection