AP U'S' History

1
AP U.S. History

• The Planting of English American
• 1500-1733
• pp. 25-42

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Englands Imperial Stirrings

• 1500s England not interested in colonization
• 1530s Protestant Reformation in England
  increased rivalry with Catholic Spain
• Elizabeths rise to power
• English conflict with Spanish-aided Ireland
  Protestant landlords, etc seed for centuries of
  conflict

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Protestant Reformation Martin Luther
4
Elizabeth Energizes England

• Elizabeth encourages privateering pirating
• Two goals Religion and Gold
• Competition between England and Spain
• First English attempt at colonialism
  Newfoundland failure
• Sir Walter Raleigh Roanoke mystery
• Spanish Armada invincible fleet attempt to
  invade England failed marked end of Spanish
  colonial dominance

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Impact of the Spanish Armada

• Slow decline of Spanish colonialism
• Rise of English naval dominance
• Rise of English influence abroad
• England unified politically, religiously, after
  long period of unrest much like Spain before
• English patriotism
• Rise of the arts thirst to grow

6
Elizabeth I (1533-1603)
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Spanish Armada
8
England on the Eve of Empire

• 17th century England booming
• Population explosion shift in economy many
  people displaced provided base for immigration
  to new lands
• Mobile population (moving with economic
  conditions) gave England surplus population for
  the time
• Primogeniture only eldest son entitled to
  inheritance other children on their own

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England on the Eve of Empire

• Early 1600s Joint-stock companies formed
  beginnings of the modern corporation structure
  investors pooled resources
• Desire for success/employment, religious freedom,
  and adventure provided workers needed to expand

10
England Plants the Jamestown Seedling

• 1606 Virginia Company of London receives
  charter (official permission) to settle in the
  New World
• Goal Gold, find passage to the Indies
• Colonists had to find something of value quickly,
  or the company would abandon them

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Virginia Company Seal
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Charter of the Virginia Company

• Guaranteed same rights abroad for English
  citizens
• Three ships land first at Chesapeake Bay
  attacked, move on settle instead along the
  James River called Jamestown
• Easy to defend, but disease-ridden
• First years difficult many die supplies lost
  disease, malnutrition, starvation, cold
• Many settlers more interested in finding gold
  than getting the things they needed to survive

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Jamestown Settled
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Jamestown Saved

• Captain John Smith saved from mock execution by
  Pocahontas forges relationship with Powhatan
• Smith kept colonists in line focus on survival,
  not gold
• Still, only 60 of 400 survive starving time
• Settlers give up, but forced to stay by Lord De
  La Warr brought supplies, set up military
  government

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Captain John Smith
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Lord De La Warr
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Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake

• Powhatan ruled a Confederacy of a few dozen small
  tribes English called all natives Powhatans
• English-native relationship tense, sometimes
  violent
• De La Warr openly attacked natives in the region
  of Jamestown raids, burning houses, etc.
  First Anglo-Powhatan War, 1614
• Peace for a time after marriage of Rolfe and
  Pocahontas
• By 1622, natives forced to attack perpetual
  war

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Second Anglo-Powhatan War, 1644

• Native attempts to push colonists out
• Chesapeake Indians ultimately lose, exiled from
  their ancestral lands
• By 1670s native population decimated
• Three Ds Disease, Disorganization,
  Disposability Powhatan didnt realize
• How susceptible natives were to European disease
• The lack of cohesion in the Confederacy
• No economic value of natives for colonists no
  labor source, no crops once Virginia established
  itself wanted land

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De La Warrs Irish Tactics
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The Indians New World

• European colonization a shock to native people
• Powhatans fate an omen for others
• Some good, or neutral changes
• Horses allowed groups such as the Lakotas to
  become mobile and prosperous
• Some negative changes
• Disease Wiped out entire cultures reinvention
  of remaining people
• Forced migration

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The Indians New World

• New trade practices for natives
• Barter-and-exchange system abandoned
• Adoption of European-style commerce
• Desire for firearms
• Increased competition between tribes
• Further reliance upon Europeans
• Coastal natives changed/suffered the most
• Groups further inland absorbed refugees, had
  more time and space to prepare for Europeans

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Virginia Child of Tobacco

• John Rolfe Father of tobacco industry
• Tobacco key to Virginias success
• Virginias economy tied to a single crop
• Food had to be imported
• More and more need for land
• Tobacco a nutrient-draining crop
• Over-reliance
• Need for slavery began plantation system
• House of Burgesses Beginning of representative
  self-government
• Colony eventually seized by James I

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Early Settlement in Virginia
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Maryland Catholic Haven

• Founded by Lord Baltimore
• Reasons both financial and religious
• Refuge for Catholics
• Roman Catholics persecuted in England
• Conflicts arose
• Catholic and Protestant settlers both came
  tensions
• Focused on tobacco
• Indentured servitude as opposed to slavery, at
  first
• Freedom of Religion Gains and limits
• Act of Toleration

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Lord Baltimore
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The West Indies Way Station to Mainland America

• Spain lost hold of Caribbean by 1600s
• England took over prized Jamaica
• Foundation of economy sugar
• Rich mans crop much more expensive,
  challenging than tobacco
• Dependence on North America for basic supplies
• African slaves dominated labor force
• African diaspora scattering of African peoples
• Codes to control large slave population most
  rights denied Barbados Slave Code, etc.

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Sugar
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Colonizing the Carolinas

• 1640s English Civil War
• Colonization halted during the unrest
• Restoration period intense empire building
• Fewer charters, more royal involvement kept
  profits
• Carolinas created as land grant to kings
  favorites in court
• Exported non-English products, provided supplies
  to the Caribbean
• Slave trade flourished both African and Indian
• Lord Proprietors
• Rice becomes important crop
• Charleston Diverse area, busy harbor

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Plantations
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The Emergence of North Carolina

• North Carolinians discontented people from
  Virginia dissenters, poorer settlers
• Reputation develops sturdy, but morally vague
  friendly to pirates, not religious
• Became a royal colony, separate from South
  Carolina, in 1712
• One of the most democratic and independent of the
  colonies
• Native American tensions fought Tuscaroras,
  Yamasees

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Tuscaroras Crushed
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Late-Coming Georgia The Buffer Colony

• Last of the thirteen colonies
• Buffer between the Carolinas and Spain
• Only colony to receive early funding from the
  Crown for defense
• Also produced silk and wine
• Haven for those in debt from England
• James Oglethorpe Charity Colony
• Slow growth

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James Oglethorpe
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The Plantation Colonies

• Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina,
  Georgia
• Lots of land, agriculturally-based exports
• Profitable staple crops like tobacco and rice
  were key
• Slavery existed in all, to some extent
• Slow growth of cities due to farming necessities
  made churches and schools slow to develop
• Religious toleration
• Soil butchery

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Rural Life
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The Iroquois

• Make sure to read pages 40 and 41!
• Key Ideas
• Iroquois Confederacy
• Longhouses
• The Five Nations and government
• Handsome Lake
• Reservation Life

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Iroquois Village