Reflective

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Reflective Empirical Methods

• Norm Friesen
• March, 2006

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Reflective Empirical Methods

• Reflection thinking about the question and the
  phenomenon in a way that opens up its various
  aspects and dimensions.
• Empirical sources of vicarious experience
  (from Max van Manen, www.phenomenologyonline.com
  )

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Reflective Empirical

• Reflective
• Thematic, Guided Existential, Collaborative,
  Linguistic, Exegetical, Hermeneutic Interview
• Empirical
• Describing, Gathering, Interviewing, Observing,
  Fictional, Imaginal(from Max van Manen,
  www.phenomenologyonline.com)

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Thematic Reflection

• Themes
• the constellations that make up the universes of
  meaning we live through. By the patterns and
  light of these themes we can navigate and explore
  such universes.
• Themes are heuristic. They are means "to get at"
  the phenomenon we are addressing.(from Max van
  Manen, www.phenomenologyonline.com)

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Reflection Guided Existential

• Lived Time speeds up, slows down e.g. of bank
  machine experience
• Lived Space we are the space were in e.g. of
  different architectural spaces
• Lived Body Body as anchorage, way of being, as
  object of observation
• Lived Relation relational distance,
  atmosphere, intensity, disconnection(from Max
  van Manen, www.phenomenologyonline.com)

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Linguistic Reflection

• Etymological histories of words often have rich,
  life-world significances (experiential residue)
• Conceptual understanding differences in meaning
  in words expressions.
• E.g. Dog
• (from Max van Manen, www.phenomenologyonline.com)

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Dog-eat dog, underdog, Top dog, bottom dog
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lap dog teacher's pet
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Cur, pariah, bitch, dogsbody "you dirty dog,
flea bag mongrel, mutt, gone to the dogs
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Dog tired
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Exegetical

• critical, sensitive, and creative reading of
  related texts
• Prevailing theories and constructions as a foil
  for what you are searching for in
  phenomenological research
• Prevailing theories and constructions can also
  point to phenomenological insights
• Creative, Accidental, Serendipitious sources
  (video example)(from Max van Manen,
  www.phenomenologyonline.com)

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Other forms of Reflection

• Collaborative as in this session, with others
  working together
• Insight-cultivating from philosophy and other
  sources(from Max van Manen,
  www.phenomenologyonline.com)

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Phenomenological Interview

• an interpretive conversation wherein both
  partners reflectively orient themselves to the
  interpersonal or collective ground that brings
  the significance of the phenomenological question
  into view
• Keep the question open(from Max van Manen,
  www.phenomenologyonline.com)

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Phenomenological Interview

• Not structured can list general questions or
  beginning script
• Close to the phenomenon, if possible
• Ask for reminiscences speculation
• Steer away from explanation
• ASK what did you feel not what did you think
• Comfortable location follow-up interviews

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Empirical Methods Describing

• start with your own experience
• the patterns of meaning of one's own experiences
  are also the possible experiences of others, and
  therefore may be recognizable by others
• (from Max van Manen, www.phenomenologyonline.com)

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Gathering

• Describe the experience as much as possible as
  you live(d) through it.
• Describe the experience from the inside, as it
  were-almost like a state of mind
• Focus on a particular example or incident of the
  object of experience
• Try to focus on an example of the experience
  which stands out for its vividness, or as it was
  the first time(from Max van Manen,
  www.phenomenologyonline.com)

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Observing

• Close and participatory observation
• E.g. participate in the childs world
• Similar to the attitude of the author who is
  always on the look-out for stories to tell,
  incidents to remember(from Max van Manen,
  www.phenomenologyonline.com)

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Imaginal experiences

• Non-discursive artistic material as transformed
  experience
• E.g. experience of space in nature(from Max
  van Manen, www.phenomenologyonline.com)

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