Title: CPCRN Signature Project: Evidence-Based Approaches to Cancer Control
1CPCRN Signature Project Evidence-Based
Approaches to Cancer Control
- Boston, MAOctober 31 , 2007
2Development of a Training and Planning Tool for
Using Evidence Based Approaches for Cancer Control
Signature Project
- Partnership of all the CPCRNs
- Builds on Dissemination work
- Fills the needs of network partners and the wider
community - Furthers a consensus process regarding
dissementation, adaptation, and implementation
3Our Vision for the EBA Training and Program
Planning Tool
Signature Project
- EBA Training and Planning Tool
- Will support the best use of existing resources
(Cancer PLANET, The Community Guide, RTIPs, Using
What Works, etc.) for planning and implementation
processes - Will provide training and guide the user through
the process - Will provide guidance for adapting evidence-based
programs to fit community needs.
4Signature Project
- Aims
- Determine factors that influence use of
evidence-based approaches (EBA), among cancer
control planners - Determine community training needs for finding,
choosing, and adapting evidence-based approaches
EBA, - To determine gaps in existing training materials
on EBA, - To develop and pilot test a working prototype
- Plan for the full development of the program
- Â
5Signature Project
- Needs Assessment
- Summer 2006 EBA Workshops with Texas Cancer
Control Toolkit Trainings - Midland, Abilene, San Antonio, McAllen
- Based on Using What Works
- Short survey focus group
- Findings
- Not aware of resources (e.g. Community Guide
RTIPs) - Did not know how to find, choose, or adapt an
evidence-based programs
6Signature Project
- Needs Assessment
- Developed and pilot tested a survey instrument
- Winter 2007 Workshop at Tools for Texans
Conference - Spring 2007 TX-CPCRN (LINCC) Face-to-Face Meeting
7Signature Project
- Needs Assessment
- Survey of CDC Cancer Conference attendees
- 67 said ½ all of their job involved planning
implementing cancer control programs - 32 agreed EBPs were easy to find/get
- 24 agreed EBPs were easy to adapt
- 55 agreed EBPs didnt come with much information
about how to implement them - 80 agreed their funding agencies encouraged the
use of EBPs
8Signature Project
- Needs Assessment
- Survey of CDC Cancer Conference attendees
- 59 had used The Community Guide
- 72 had never used Cancer PLANET
- 35 had used RTIPS
- Most people who did use the tools found them
useful or very useful
9Signature Project
- Needs Assessment (planned)
- Survey of CPCRN partners
- 8 centers surveying at least 30 partners each (N
240) - Web-based, or paper surveys
- In-depth interviews with program planners
- Identification of Existing Resources
- EBA Resource Inventory The Consumers Guide
to EBP Planning Resources - What is there (Using What Works, Cancer Control
Planet, etc) - How it performs
10(Partial)
11Replication when there is a Guide recommended
strategy EBPs available
Introduction to EB Interventions?Choosing a risk
factor/cancer type
Adaptation when there is an EBP available, but
insufficient evidence
Decision process for choosing an intervention
goal and strategy, and then finding, reviewing
and assessing programs
Program creation when there are no programs
available
12Signature Project
- Development of the prototype
- Working groups
- Module content area development
- User interface development
- Usability Testing
- Pilot Testing
13Signature Project
- The training and planning tool will accelerate
the adoption of evidence-based cancer prevention
and control in communities - Supports the best use of existing resources
(Cancer PLANET, The Community Guide, RTIPs, Using
What Works, etc.) - Process draws upon the collective experience of
the CPCRNs and their community partners - Engaging in the consensus process about issues
related to dissemination/translation - Examples
- What constitutes core elements of a program
that should not be changed? - Can adaptation include adding objectives/determina
nts/program elements?
14Activities update Work Session
- Evidence-Based Approaches to Planning Cancer
Control Programs
15Thanks T eam!
This has truly been a cross-CPCRN group effort.
16Survey Instrument
- Sampling Strategy Completed
- Online Version of Survey Completed
- http//uncodum.qualtrics.com/SE/?SIDSV_3mCd5SNlpX
Cmt3CSVIDProd - Paper Version of Survey Completed
17EBA Survey IRB Status (Last Updated 10/25/2007)
- Final IRB Approval Received
- Harvard, Morehouse, SLU, UNC, UT, UW
- UCLA
- IRB approval received, but minor protocol changes
have been submitted, and were awaiting final
approval. - Emory
- IRB requires copies of IRB approval notices from
ALL other Network Centers. These will be sent
once UW has resolved a typo in their approval
letter and passed it on. - IRB would not accept the official UNC proof of
CITI human subjects training notices for Rebecca
Williams and Teresa Edwardsversion from the CITI
website, these have been sent to Emory.
18EBA Survey IRB Status (Last Updated 10/25/2007)
- CDC
- Once all final IRB approval notices have been
received from all Network Centers, Rebecca
Williams will send them and the Coordinating
Center IRB application to Kathi Wilson for
submittal to the CDC IRB.
19Module Development Workgroups
- User Interface Development SLU
- SLU is focusing on user interface development and
will bring the interface to the group for review.
20Module Development Workgroups
- Assessment Dan, Roy, Alexis
- Responsible for content areas 1, 2, 3 of the
flowchart. This group will be addressing
community assessment, choosing a risk factor or
type of cancer, and choosing an intervention goal
and strategy.
21Introduction to EB Interventions?Choosing a risk
factor/cancer type
Decision process for choosing an intervention
goal and strategy, and then finding, reviewing
and assessing programs
22Content Area 1 Introduction (Overview, Levels of
Evidence)
- Purpose To introduce planners to the concept of
evidence-based cancer and cancer-related
interventions and the reasons these types of
interventions are preferred in planning community
health promotion programs. This module will
provide both the conceptual framework for the
web-based tool and the instructions for its use. - Â
- Learning ObjectivesÂ
- Discuss the purpose of the web-based tool
- Recognize the need to employ health promotion
interventions with demonstrated effectiveness. - Discuss the usefulness of a tool that will guide
the selection of an evidence-based intervention
appropriate for the community of interest. - Describe the general functions of the web-based
tool. - Utilize the web-based tool effectivelyÂ
- Move through the modules and links as appropriate
for users needs - Access the Help function as needed.
23Content Area 1 Introduction (Overview, Levels of
Evidence)
- Describe the concept of evidence-based
interventions - Define and differentiate between efficacy and
effectiveness - Access the evidence base by using search engines
(Pubmed etc.), published compendia (Community
Guide), and websites (Cancer PLANET) - Describe basic elements of research design
Question how basic should this be? - List and describe levels of evidence used by
Cancer PLANET and the Community Guide as strong,
sufficient, expert opinion, or insufficient. - List the factors employed to assess the strength
of evidence as research design, quality of
implementation, replication of findings, and
effect size.
24Content Area 1 Introduction (Overview, Levels of
Evidence)
- Describe the concept of evidence-based
interventions (continued) - Describe issues that one must consider in
assessing the evidence, such as - How effective is a public health program in
achieving its intended disease prevention
objectives? - Under what conditions and circumstances have
program approaches proven effective? - Does evidence point to ineffective practices that
consequently cannot be recommended? - Does the level of effectiveness justify the
expenditure of resources relative to what was
achieved? - Is there a match between the sample in the
research study and the population that the
program would be replicated on? - What is the cost benefit and cost effectiveness
of the intervention?
25Content Area 2 Choosing a Risk Factor or Cancer
Type
- Purpose To enable planners to choose a cancer
risk factor or cancer type as the target of a
health promotion intervention using epidemiologic
data (e.g. state or federal data) or community
data to provide a rationale for the choice. In
the event that a risk factor or cancer type has
already been chosen, the module will enable the
planner to assemble the data to defend the
choice, or will lead the planner to make a
different choice. - Learning ObjectivesÂ
- Conduct a community health needs assessment with
particular attention to cancer and cancer-related
risk factors. - Collect cancer-relevant data from secondary
sources (state or local health department, SEER,
BRFSS, census, etc.) - Engage in community entry processes as
appropriate - Conduct and interpret key informant interviews
with community leaders - Conduct focus groups with targeted audience and
interpret findings - Conduct community survey and interpret findings.
- Identify racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic cancer
disparities.
26Content Area 2 Choosing a Risk Factor or Cancer
Type
- 2. Present findings of community health needs
assessment to community organizations and groups. - Create and give presentation appropriate for
educational and linguistic status of audience. - Answer questions and obtain feedback from
audience. - 3. Select cancer risk factor or cancer type as
target for intervention. - Establish intervention priorities using data from
community health needs assessment and other data
sources. - Incorporate feedback from community audiences
(Objective 2) into priority selection. - Present and defend choice or priority list to
community leaders, political groups, funders,
public health officials, and medical
organizations.
27Content Area 3Choosing Intervention Goals
Strategies
- Purpose To enable planners to identify the
desired outcome of their intervention and select
a general approach for achieving the outcome. - Learning Objectives
- Choose an intervention goal
- Formulate goal as specific, measurable,
achievable, relevant, and time-limited (SMART) - Identify a feasible goal
- Consider magnitude of problem
- Consider characteristics of intervention
community - Access appropriate literature
- Consult with experts
- Consult with experienced health promoters in
other communities
28Content Area 3Choosing Intervention Goals
Strategies
- Choose an intervention strategy
- Review evidence continuum in Guide to Community
Preventive Services or other appropriate document - Consider available resources funds, staff, time
- Enumerate and evaluate strength of existing
partnerships (agencies, churches, academic
institutions, community organizations,
professional societies, healthcare providers) - Assemble information on existing programs
- Identify programs in RTIPs (Research-Tested
Intervention Programs) - Identify programs from other sources health
promotion literature, presentations at
professional meetings. - Review core elements of candidate intervention
against specifics of priority community
- Race and ethnicity
- Language issues
- Educational level
- Socioeconomic status
- Access to care
29Content Area 3Choosing Intervention Goals
Strategies
- Assemble information on existing programs
- Review core elements of candidate intervention
against available resources - Review core elements of candidate intervention
against capabilities and potential participation
of partners. - Meet with partners leadership
- Solicit participation
- Build coalition Question develop a module on
coalition-building? - Â
- Make decision select/adapt existing program or
develop new program
30Module Development Workgroups
- Replication Cathy, Vicky, Peggy
- Responsible for content areas 4a, 5a, 6a of the
flowchart. This group will be addressing the
pathway regarding what to do when there is both a
guide recommended strategy and available RTIPs
assessing fit, replication, implementation and
monitoring.
31Replication when there is a Guide recommended
strategy EBPs available
32Content Areas 4a, 5a, 6a Replicate an Existing
Program
- Purpose To guide planners through the steps of
implementing a program that has already been
developed and successfully tested. The module
will allow users to learn about the steps to
replicate a program and how to cope with some of
the challenges and barriers they may face when
trying to replicate such a program. - Â
- Learning ObjectivesÂ
- Define replication
- Defines replication as implementing an
evidence-based program as it was originally
developed/tested. - Notes any minor modifications (such as listing
local resources) that can be made and still be
considered replication.Â
33Content Areas 4a, 5a, 6a Replicate an Existing
Program
- Define program fit (how well would an existing
program have to fit in order to make replication,
rather than adaptation, the right choice)
 COMMENT This may be covered in Module 3c - Defines critical fit elements as program
objectives, methods, and strategies - Looks for descriptions of what determinants of
behavior were targeted in the original program
are these determinants considered important in
your target community? - Looks for descriptions of the community/setting
in which the program was originally developed and
tested - Identify key steps to program replication
- Obtaining enough information about the program to
replicate - Program materials
- Procedural manuals
- Training for interventionists
- When available, process and other measures
34Content Areas 4a, 5a, 6a Replicate an Existing
Program
- Identify key steps to program replication
(continued) - Community/stakeholder engagement and buy-in for
the program - Train interventionists to deliver program with
fidelity - Develop plan for implementation and evaluation
- Describe how to overcome potential barriers to
program replication - Common barriers obtaining program
materials/procedure manuals (cost or contact
problems), fidelity in program delivery,
perceptions that a program delivered and tested
elsewhere cant work in my community - Potential solutions finding/connecting with the
right person to deliver program materials,
procedure manuals, training methods, and
implementation advice (to solve getting program
materials and ensuring fidelity) ownership
issues dealt with below
35Content Areas 4a, 5a, 6a Replicate an Existing
Program
- Implement strategies to enable agency and
community stakeholders to experience feelings of
ownership for a replicated program - Defines ownership as feeling that the program is
the work of the community rather than the work of
outsiders - Work with agency and community stakeholders to
develop implementation plan - Work with agency and community stakeholders to
evaluate program - Share credit for program implementation among all
stakeholders look for opportunities (or obtain
permission) to brand or co-brand intervention
materials to identify them with the community - Develop a plan to establish ownership among key
stakeholders (identify leaders, allocate funds or
other resources to keep plan going, etc.) - Convene stakeholders periodically to share
implementation and evaluation reports re-assess
and modify the program if necessary (link to
Adaptation Module in case of evidence of need for
adapting program)
36Module Development Workgroups
- Adaptation Maria, Pat, Kay, Sandra, Jennifer,
Belinda, Michelle C. - Responsible for content areas 4b, 5b, 6b of the
flowchart. This group will be addressing the
pathway regarding what to do when the evidence is
insufficient and there are available RTIPs for
adaptation (with emphasis on following guidelines
for recommended strategies), developing an
implementation plan, and a plan for monitoring
program process and outcome.
37Adaptation when there is an EBP available, but
insufficient evidence
38Content Areas 4b, 5b, 6b Adapt an Existing
Program
- Purpose To guide planners through the steps in
adapting a program that only partially fits their
community context (culture, resources, etc.). The
module will allow users to both learn about the
adaptation process and practice actual adaptation
of an identified program. - Â
- Learning ObjectivesÂ
- Defines adaptation
- Defines adaptation as a process of changing
identified evidence-based programs (or program
components) to fit the needs and characteristics
of a community that differs from the one in which
it was initially tested. - Defines elements of the adaptation process as
including activities such as language
translation, role model matching to community
racial/ethnic groups, and inclusion of local
resource information. - Defines adaptation as ensuring against change in,
or deletion of, theoretical methods to promote
change. For example, deleting methods such as
role modeling, skill-building, practice,
persuasion to change risk perceptions.
39Content Areas 4b, 5b, 6b Adapt an Existing
Program
- Identifies core elements of the existing program
that, if changed, may compromise the expected
effectiveness. - Defines core elements of the program as the
following - Target populations
- Objectives for change in the behavior of the
priority population/at-risk groups QUESTION
Defined how? - Objectives for change in elements of the
environment - Factors targeted for change as determinants of
priority population behavior - Factors targeted for change as determinants of
environmental agents change behavior - Theoretical change methods and
- Strategies for delivering theoretical change
methods. - Describes why changing each specific core element
would jeopardize the demonstrated effectiveness
of the program . QUESTIONS Not sure about this
one- shouldnt we have some kind of objective
here that questions whether all of the core
elements need to be maintained e.g. what if
there was a focus on multiple environmental
changes (among teachers, parents, etc) but their
program is only going to focus on parents?
40Content Areas 4b, 5b, 6b Adapt an Existing
Program
- Describes the main behavioral (and other)
outcomes of the existing program and compares
them to their own program goals and objectives. - Reviews or develops specific behavioral and or
environmental change objectives for the desired
program. - Looks for descriptions of what behavioral or
environmental change is targeted by the program
to be adopted. If descriptions do not exist,
draws assumptions about intended behavioral and
environmental targets based on program materials
that are available. - Compares the desired change in the program to be
adapted with the change desired by the adopting
group and decides whether overlap in objectives
is sufficient. - If coverage of objectives is not sufficient,
decides whether another program can be added to
the program under consideration to expand the
range of targeted objectives, whether new
components can be developed to fill the gaps in
the existing program, or whether another program
should be considered. QUESTION Can adaptation
include adding objectives? It seems that this is
where our model gets fuzzyCan you consider a
program built from components of other programs
as program creation? Seems it lies somewhere
between adaptation and creation.
41Content Areas 4b, 5b, 6b Adapt an Existing
Program
- Compares determinants addressed in the existing
program and compares them to the factors
influencing the behavior in their community. - Considers what factors may be determining the
targeted behavior of the priority population, or
of the environmental change in their community. - Looks for descriptions of what determinants were
targeted in the program being considered. - Compares the determinants considered to be
important in the community with the determinants
targeted by the program under consideration. - If focus on important determinants is not strong
enough in the program under consideration,
determines additional components and/or messages
that should be added to the existing program for
use in the new community. QUESTIONS Can
adaptation include adding determinants? Dont
they first have to be able to define what is
strong enough ?
42Content Areas 4b, 5b, 6b Adapt an Existing
Program
- Works with community groups to plan adaptations
to make program culturally appropriate for the
new community . QUESTION Just to make it
culturally appropriate or for all of the other
questions above as well? - Defines culture and explains what is meant by
cultural context. - Describes elements of culture that are depicted
in the materials of interest. - Describe whether behaviors, or determinants,
covered in the program are different for cultural
groups in the community. - Evaluate whether ways individuals are depicted in
program materials (including those representing
racial/ethnically defined groups of African
Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, Asian Americans,
European Americans and others) are congruent with
community groups culture including health
practices, values, relationships, clothing, food,
recreation, symbols, etc.
43Content Areas 4b, 5b, 6b Adapt an Existing
Program
- Works with community groups to plan adaptations
to make program culturally appropriate for the
new community (Continued) - Explains whether community members in various
groups would be receptive to the delivery
channels and mechanisms required by the program.
QUESTION Should they explain why vs. whether? - Works with community members to suggest changes
to make the program materials more culturally
relevant. - Works with community members to increase cultural
appropriateness of intended delivery to assure
reach of program. - Identifies further sources of information and
help regarding culture, cultural context, and
cultural fit.
44Content Areas 4b, 5b, 6b Adapt an Existing
Program
- Proposes change in the existing program that can
be accomplished to improve chances for program
adoption, implementation and success - Identifies program elements that can be changed
without compromising the programs integrity and
potential effectiveness. - Identifies program elements that can be changed
within program budget. - Evaluates visual elements of the materials
(graphics, other images) to determine the
suitability of materials for the new community. - Describes how he/she would modify the existing
program components to fit community context,
e.g., add role models and cultural elements to
make program more relevant to the community. - Evaluates readability/understandability of
program materials. QUESTION Changes
readability? - Slightly modifies program delivery to meet
communication channels of community residents.
45Content Areas 4b, 5b, 6b Adapt an Existing
Program
- Describes how to overcome potential barriers to
adaptation (e.g. production cost, expertise,
etc.) QUESTIONS What did we have in mind here?
Perhaps helping the planner begin to think
creatively about overcoming various
barrierse.g., finding sponsors to help defray
costs, accessing university resources (faculty,
students, etc.) for expert help, and things of
this nature? - Implements strategies to enable agency and
community stakeholders to experience feelings of
ownership of an adapted program. - Defines ownership as feelings that the program is
the work of the community rather than the work of
outsiders. - Works with agency and community stakeholders to
evaluate and adapt program. - Works with agency and community stakeholders to
develop a specific community implementation plan
46Content Areas 4b, 5b, 6b Adapt an Existing
Program
- Implements strategies to enable agency and
community stakeholders to experience feelings of
ownership of an adapted program. (Continued) - Shares credit for community adaptation and
implementation among all stakeholders - Develops a plan to establish and/or maintain
ownership among key stakeholders (i.e. assign
leadership positions, allocate resources, etc. - Reassesses and modifies plan when necessary.
- Identifies opportunities where the adapted
program and organization can be co-branded so
that the adapted program is associated with the
organization by consumers.
47Module Development Workgroups
- Program Creation Michelle K., Cam, Michelle C.,
Debbie - Responsible for content areas 4c, 5c, 6c of the
flowchart. This group will be addressing the
pathway regarding what to do when there are no
RTIPs, but there is a recommended strategy
creating a new program following guidelines for
recommended strategies, and developing an
implementation and outcome evaluation plan.
48Program creation when there are no programs
available
49Content Areas 4c, 5c, 6c Program Creation
- Purpose To guide planners in developing programs
when an evidence-based strategy is recommended by
the Community Guide, but no evidence-based
program is available on RTIPs. - Â
- Learning ObjectivesÂ
- Locate alternative sources of evidence-based
programs for your content area - Describe alternative sources of evidence-based
programs, including the following - Contact scientific experts or local university
researchers who can provide program information,
intervention strategies, and/or understand and
interpret the scientific literature consider
requesting an ongoing partnership for program
planning and evaluation assistance - Locate Model Programs or Best Practices
recommended by funding agencies - Obtain descriptions of effective programs
directly from scientific literature
50Content Areas 4c, 5c, 6c Program Creation
- Locate alternative sources of evidence-based
programs for your content area (Continued) - If conducting a literature search to locate
effective programs - Use databases such as PubMed, Medline, PsychInfo
or search engines such as Google Scholar - Develop a search plan that has the appropriate
key words/vocabulary for your content area to
locate articles or reports of relevant programs - Prioritize articles or reports that describe
programs that are part of a systematic review
(e.g., Cochrane), funded by a peer-reviewed
grant, or published in a peer-reviewed journal - Examine articles or reports that describe
effective programs for your content area - Define effective (positive results) as
demonstration of behavior change as opposed to
intentions, attitudes or knowledge - Determine level of effectiveness for each program
alternative using evaluation results and/or
research findings
51Content Areas 4c, 5c, 6c Program Creation
- Examine articles or reports that describe
effective programs for your content area
(Continued) - Examine the audience of interest, methods or
procedures for the intervention, and determinants
targeted by the program alternatives - If applicable, read the discussions to understand
the strengths and weaknesses of the article - Determine which program alternatives are
promising for potential use in your program
planning based on a match with audience,
determinants, context and local adaptability - Identify core program elements from program
alternatives - Define core elements and how to identify them
from a research article - Across the effective programs, list the program
components or elements across the interventions - Create a matrix of programs and their core
elements for review
52Content Areas 4c, 5c, 6c Program Creation
- Identify core program elements from program
alternatives (Continued) - Consider which of these elements may work in your
community context and population of interest
keeping in mind the audience of interest,
behavioral determinants, environmental
determinants, theoretical strategies, strategies
for behavior change, and available resources - Prioritize best possible evidence-based courses
of action or elements to achieve the most
important program outcomes - Identify and engage partners in choosing program
elements and developing the program - Design a program with the prioritized core
elements - State measurable objectives, including long-term
(health problem), intermediate (behavioral and
environmental outcomes), short-term
(determinants), and process - List major activities to accomplish each core
element, associated tasks, and who is responsible
for implementation - Identify resources needed for implementation of
each activity - Develop a timeline for program implementation
53Content Areas 4c, 5c, 6c Program Creation
- Develop a process and outcome evaluation plan
6c - Engage stakeholders to guide evaluation efforts
- Ensure program objectives are measurable
- Develop logic model
- Develop evaluation questions
- Identify indicators to track objectives and
answer evaluation questions - Develop data collection tools and/or systems
- Collect data
- Analyze data
- Report results
54Content Areas 4c, 5c, 6c Program Creation
- Questions/Issues for the Larger Group
- There is a gap in the current Flow Chart
Insufficient evidence according to the Community
Guide, and no RTIPS. - When in the process will Users identify major
determinants of interest (2a or 5c)? - Is this module/template specific to breast
cancer, and if so, should examples be specific to
the Community Guide recommendations on breast
cancer? In other words, should our examples
cover small media and client incentives with
reminders? - The need to develop an evaluation plan occurs in
several places (6a, 6b 6c). Can this be just
one module, and who will lead its development? - Will the website be maintained and updated so
that we can include up-to-date links to resources
such as specific Cochrane reviews or specific
Best Practices listed by federal agencies?