Senior Capstone Project: Fast Tuning Synthesizer

1
Senior Capstone ProjectFast Tuning Synthesizer

• Member Nathan Roth
• Advisors Dr. Huggins
• Dr. Shastry
• Mr. James Jensen
• Date May 4, 2004

2
Presentation Outline

• Background Information
• Project Summary
• Functional Description
• Detailed Description
• Major Tasks
• Problems Encountered
• Improvements

3
Background Information

• Definition of a frequency synthesizer
• Uses
• Communication
• Electronic Warfare

4
Project Summary

• Creation of a frequency synthesizer
• Use of direct synthesis approach

5
Project Summary

• System Characteristics
• Output Frequencies of 3650, 3700, 3850, 3900,
  4450, 4500, 4650, and 4700 MHz
• Output Power of 0 dBm, 3 dB
• Output Spurs lt -45 dBc
• Tuning Time lt 500 ns, 200 ns if possible
• Use of an External 100 MHz Reference Signal

6
Functional Description
7
Detailed Description
8
Detailed Description
9
Detailed Description
10
Detailed Description
11
Detailed Description
12
Detailed Description
13
Detailed Description
14
Detailed Description

• Amplifier
• Multiplier
• Increases Frequency (Multiplication)
• Mixer
• Sum of Input Frequencies
• Difference of Input Frequencies

15
Detailed Description

• Switch
• Filter
• Prescaler
• Decreases Frequency (Division)
• Digital Logic (GAL)

16
Detailed Description
100 MHz
17
Detailed Description
200 MHz
18
Detailed Description
19
Detailed Description
200 MHz
1400 200 1600 MHz 1400 200 1200 MHz
1400 MHz
20
Detailed Description
1600 MHz 1200 MHz
1200 MHz
21
Detailed Description
1200 MHz
300 MHz
22
Detailed Description
1700 MHz 1100 MHz
300 MHz
1400 MHz
23
Detailed Description
1700 MHz 1100 MHz
1100 MHz
24
Detailed Description
1100 MHz
275 MHz
25
Detailed Description
275 MHz
1125 MHz
26
Detailed Description
4500 MHz
1125 MHz
27
Major Tasks

• Filter Design and Fabrication
• Component Selection and Ordering
• Printed Circuit Board Design and Fabrication
• PCB Stuffing
• Modular Testing

28
Filter Design and Fabrication

• Designed and Simulated Ideal Chebyshev Filters
• Used Insertion Loss Method
• Developed Low-Pass Filter Prototype
• Transformed to Band-Pass Filter
• Added Parasitic Effects
• Real Component Values
• Real Inductor Responses
• Microstrip Transmission Effects
• Via Connections

29
Filter Design and Fabrication
30
Filter Design and Fabrication
31
Filter Design and Fabrication
32
Filter Design and Fabrication

• Dark Blue Ideal
• Purple S21 Simulated
• Red S11 Simulated
• Aqua Blue S21 Actual
• Blue/Purple S11 Actual

33
Filter Design and Fabrication

• Dark Blue Ideal
• Purple S21 Simulated
• Red S11 Simulated
• Aqua Blue S21 Actual
• Blue/Purple S11 Actual

34
PCB Design and Fabrication

• Created PCB Layouts for Filter Boards
• Fabricated, Populated, and Tested Filter Boards
• Developed Modular Layout Plan

35
PCB Design and Fabrication
36
PCB Design and Fabrication
37
PCB Design and Fabrication
38
PCB Design and Fabrication
39
PCB Design and Fabrication
40
PCB Design and Fabrication
41
Modular Testing
42
Modular Testing
-10 dBm
-50 dBm
43
Modular Testing
LO Input 1400 MHz IF Input 200 MHz
44
Modular Testing
Input 1200 MHz
45
Modular Testing
Resolution Module 3 1200 MHz
46
Modular Testing
Resolution Module 3 1200 MHz
47
Modular Testing
Resolution Module 3 1200 MHz
48
Modular Testing
Resolution Module 3 1200 MHz
49
Modular Testing
50
Modular Testing

• 312 ns off
• 148 ns on

51
Problems Encountered

• Non-Ideal Components
• Fabrication
• Grounding Issues
• Potato Chipping

52
Possible Improvements

• Implement a Phase-Lock Loop
• Use Distributed Elements
• MMIC Design

53
Appreciation

• Matt Kaiser
• Kiran Reddy
• Dave Miller

• Bala Sundaram
• Neeta Mehta
• Zaheer Shaik
• Krishna Katragadda

54
Fast Tuning Synthesizer

• Any questions?

55
Power Analysis

• Specifications
• Amplifier (3)
• 5 Volt
• 46 mA
• Mixer (3)
• 3 Volt
• 11 mA
• Prescaler (2)
• 3 Volt
• 8 mA

• Specified Power
• 837 mW
• Recorded Power
• 930 mW

56
Bill of Materials
57
Bill of Materials
58
Input Module
59
Resolution Modules
60
Basis Frequency Modules
61
Switch Selection Module
62
Output Module
63
Laboratory Work - Review
64
Laboratory Work

• Dark Blue Ideal
• Purple S21 Simulated
• Red S11 Simulated
• Aqua Blue S21 Actual
• Blue/Purple S11 Actual

65
Laboratory Work

• Aqua Blue Ideal
• Dark Blue S21 Simulated
• Red S11 Simulated
• Purple S21 Actual
• Blue/Purple S11 Actual

66
Laboratory Work

• Aqua Blue Ideal
• Red S21 Simulated
• Dark Blue S11 Simulated
• Purple S21 Actual
• Blue/Purple S11 Actual

67
Laboratory Work

• Light Blue Ideal
• Red S21 Simulated
• Aqua Blue S11 Simulated
• Dark Blue S21 Actual
• Purple S11 Actual

68
Laboratory Work

• Aqua Blue Ideal
• Purple S21 Simulated
• Red S11 Simulated
• Dark Blue S21 Actual
• Light Blue S11 Actual

69
Modular Testing
Resolution Module 1 1200 MHz
70
Modular Testing
Resolution Module 1 1400 MHz
71
Modular Testing
Resolution Module 2 1200 MHz
72
Modular Testing
Resolution Module 2 1400 MHz
73
Modular Testing
Resolution Module 3 1400 MHz
74
Modular Testing