ENG 213 MIDSEMESTER EXAM

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ENG 213 MIDSEMESTER EXAM

• An Introduction to Language
• (8th Edition, 2007)
• by Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman
• and Nina Hyams, Chapters 1-6

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CONTRAST 1

• allophones-phonemes
• bound-free morphemes
• competence-performance
• complementary opposites (alive/dead)
  complementary distribution-contrastive
  distribution-free variation
• diphthong-digraph
• gradable opposites (hot/cold)

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CONTRAST 2

• inflectional-derivational morphology
• logical-structural subject
• phrasal categories-lexical categories
• prescriptive-descriptive grammar
• relational opposites (buy/sell,
  employer/employee)
• stop-continuant
• systematic-accidental gap
• time-place-person deixis
• Empirical, Linguistic, Metaphorical Truth

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THE COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLECONVERSATIONAL
IMPLICATURES

• Given the outline form, be able to fill in all of
  the designations
• I. Quantity
• A. Be informative
• B. Dont give too much information
• II. Quality
• A. Dont lie or mislead
• B. Dont make unverifiable statements
• III. Relation
• A. Be relevant
• IV. Manner
• A. Avoid obscurity
• B. Avoid ambiguity
• C. Be succinct
• D. Be orderly

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DEFINITIONS 1

• Affricate
• Coarticulation
• Coronal
• entailment relationship
• Glottal
• Onomatopoeia

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DEFINITIONS 2

• Performative
• Recursion
• redundancy rules
• Sonorant
• Suprasegmental
• Theme
• wh-question transformation

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DEFINITIONS 3

• Chiasmus
• Eponymy
• Frame Semantics
• Irony
• Metaphor
• Metonymy
• Nonsense
• Oxymoron
• Synecdoche
• Sniglet

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DIAGRAMING

• Given sentences, be able to draw tree diagrams

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EXAMPLES

• diacritical mark
• Hyponymy
• Legal language
• minimal pair
• suppletive form

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IDENTIFICATIONS

• Be able to uniquely identify given sounds by
  giving their places and manners of articulation.
• Be able to identify the sounds determined by
  particular sets of distinctive features
• Given sentences, identify Subjects, Direct
  Objects, Indirect Objects

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INNATENESS HYPOTHESIS

• Give ten types of evidence which support Noam
  Chomskys Innateness Hypothesis.

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LONG-ANSWER ESSAY (15 POINTS)

• 1. Explain in detail how non-standard English is
  more logical than is standard English
• 2. In detail, compare and contrast human language
  with various animal languages.

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SHORT-ANSWER ESSAY(5 POINTS)

• Explain the concept of "elegance"

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TRANSCRIPTIONS

• Given phonemic symbols, transcribe into regular
  orthography
• Given regular orthography, transcribe into
  phonemic script

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CONTRAST

• Phonology
• Graphology
• Morphology
• Syntax
• Semantics
• Pragmatics

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CONTRAST

• Prescriptive Adequacy
• Descriptive Adequacy
• Explanatory Adequacy
• Evaluative Adequacy

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EXAMPLES OF THE FOLLOWING

• Lexical Ambiguity
• Syntactic Ambiguity
• Lexical Anomaly
• Syntactic Anomaly
• Lexical Paraphrase
• Syntactic Paraphrase

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(SEMANTIC) GAPS Be able to give an example of
each of the following

• Borrowing
• Loan Translation
• Meaning Shift
• Suffixation
• Prefixation
• Compound
• Blend
• Clipping
• Back Formation
• Acronym
• Metathesis
• Coinage
• Part-of-Speech Change

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THEMATIC ROLESContrast the following

• Actor or Agent
• Animate cause
• Experiencer
• Animate affected
• Instrument
• Inanimate cause
• Object or Patient
• Inanimate affected