War of 1812

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War of 1812
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Election of 1808

• Madison (Jeffersonian Republic) vs. Pinckney
  (Federalist)
• Focus on the negative effects of embargo against
  Madison
• Jeffersonian Republicans still have enough
  support to win
• Federalists continue to decline

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Causes

• 1. The Embargo of 1807
• The British attacked the ship killing 21 Am and
  boarded it searching for deserters
• Embargo passed in reaction embargo
  restriction on trade
• Almost outlawed all overseas trade
• had little effect on the British or French b/c
  their trade was too strong
• many Americans would just break the law
• this hurt the image of Jefferson
• Led to increased pressure for less economic
  solutions and more political and military ones

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Causes

• 2.Impressment
• 3. Continual violation of treaties by France and
  Britain
• 4. British still occupying inland forts
• 5. Show American power

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Land War

• Attacks on British Canada
• Americans poorly led and supplied
• British gain Native American allies Tecumseh
• William Henry Harrison and Andrew Jackson lead
  Americans to some isolated victories
• Primary in West and South
• Native Americasn lost the most with each loss
  they were forced to sign more land over the
  Americans

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Naval War

• Americans able to win despite being largely
  outnumbered
• Helped raise morale
• Many battles took place on Lakes
• Lake Erie Americans gained control of the Great
  Lakes region with this victory
• British established a blockade which started to
  hurt the nation

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Naval War
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Naval War
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Election of 1812

• Month after the war began
• Dewitt Clinton ran for Federalists
• Push not to change leadership during the war and
  that the war wasnt entirely unpopular

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Things Intensify

• 1814 British ended war with Napoleon so they
  could commit more troops
• 4,000 British troops march to and burn down
  Washington, DC
• Further attack in Baltimore Star Spangled
  Banner Written British are forced to retreat
• Lifted American spirits

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Public Opinion of War

• War begins to be called Mr. Madisons War
• War had huge effects on the nation debt,
  structures, organization
• Hartford Convention New England States meet to
  discuss possibly leaving the union if the war
  continued

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The Treaty of Ghent

• British and Americans saw the war as unnecessary
• Met in Belgium and negotiated the treaty
• Did not resolve major American issues
• All old boundaries were restored
• Many in the US just wanted the war to be over
• Some Americans called it the Second War for
  Independence
• Felt the nation had finally established itself
  among others as powerful

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Most important battle New Orleans

• News of treaty did not reach America for several
  months fighting continued
• Dec 23, 1814 - 5,000 British attack New Orleans
  from the S
• General Andrew Jackson and 5,000 soldiers, 2
  battalions of African Americans and numerous
  volunteers meet them
• British attacked too confidently on a well
  protected fort
• British suffered 2,000 casualties, American less
  than 20
• Gave America the view that they won
• Made Andrew Jackson an American hero