AP&T began studying the feasibility of low-head' hydr

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Alaska Tidal Energy Conference
• January 2007
• Presentation by
• Alaska Power Telephone

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Project Overview
• Hydrokinetic Turbine Project Timeline
• APT began studying the feasibility of low-head
  hydro generation in the late 90s
• Collaborating with UEK Corp. APT decided to
  proceed with developing plans for installing a
  small hydrokinetic station in Eagle
• Today we are ready to proceed with formal
  engineering and design activities and move
  forward with the project
• The four year project will determine the
  viability of the turbine and associated
  technologies for operation in rural arctic Alaska
  
• Short Term engineering construction - first
  year
• Mid Term - operation and monitoring - 3 yrs
  following commissioning
• Long Term - after completion of the project and
  into the future

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Project Overview
• Short Term Goals for the Hydrokinetic Turbine
  Project
• Perform surveys of the project site
• River - profiling, velocity, ice
• Soils - boring,
• Determine turbine location
• Determine construction methods
• Purchase or lease land for onshore facilities
• Complete engineering design
• Proceed with manufacturing
• Proceed with construction and installation
• Commission

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Project Overview
• Three Year Goals for the Hydrokinetic Turbine
  Project
• Operate
• Test and monitor
• Determine the reliability in arctic conditions
• Determine best practices for deployment,
  operation and maintenance
• Determine environmental impact
• Determine performance
• Determine OM costs

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Project Overview
• Long Term Goals for the Hydrokinetic Turbine
  Generator
• Installation of second turbine generator unit in
  Eagle
• Output from two units would replace diesel
  generation
• Diesels would be maintained for standby and
  emergency use
• Reduction in rates to the consumers
• Reduction in emissions and associated
  environmental impacts
• Increase the sustainability for the rural Alaska
  communities
• Possible installation of similar units in other
  locations

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Project Overview
• City of Eagle
• Located on the north terminus of the Taylor
  Highway
• About 6 miles west of the Alaska-Canada border
• Due east of Fairbanks about 190 miles
• At about 64.79 north latitude and -141.20 west
  longitude
• At about 850 feet above sea level
• Eagle Village is located about 3 miles upriver
  from the City of Eagle
• Transportation into Eagle
• State owned airstrip with commercial flights from
  Fairbanks
• Float plane, during the summer months only
• River boat, operating in the summer months only
• Taylor Highway, open in the summer months only

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

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Eagle at the End of Summer (Viewed from Belle
Island)
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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

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Eagle in the Winter (Viewed from River)
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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Project Overview
• Brief History of the City of Eagle
• The area is the historical home of the Han
  Kutchin Indians
• The original settlement was established in 1874
  as a trading station supplying miners working the
  upper Yukon
• The City of Eagle was founded in 1897
• Population of over 1700 by 1898
• US Army Fort Egbert established in 1900
• First incorporated city in the interior 1901
• Telegraph service from Eagle to Valdez in 1903
• Population declined to lt200 by 1910
• Fort Egbert abandoned in 1911

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Project Overview
• Eagle Today
• Population in Eagle is about 140 and in Eagle
  Village about 80
• Subsistence activities are part of the lifestyle
• Local economy includes
• Retail businesses, seasonal
• School
• Utilities
• Mining
• Tourism, seasonal
• River boat trip from Eagle to Dawson
• Lodging and restaurants

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Project Overview
• Electricity Generation in Eagle Today
• APT serves about 190 customers in the two
  communities providing electricity and
  communication services
• The electrical system is isolated
• Powerhouse located in Eagle
• Load varies daily according to the season from a
  summer low of 70kW to a winter high of 150kW
• The prime movers for the existing generators are
  diesel engines
• Annual fuel consumption is about 57,000 gallons
• Engine life is 3 - 4 years (25,000 hours)
• Annual generation maintenance costs about 40,000
  (w/o labor)

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• APT Generation Goals
• Renewable Energy
• APT has for the for last two decades sought
  technologies to augment their diesel generation
  with renewable energy resources
• Today APT supplies its customers with about 70
  of the generation from renewable energy resources
• In the southeast APT has designed, built and put
  into service several hydroelectric power stations
  
• For the companies interior utilities conventional
  hydroelectric facilities are not practical as
  such the application of other renewable energy
  resources is being studied including
• Hydrokinetic turbine generation
• Wind turbine generation

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Hydrokinetic Opportunity
• Yukon River at Eagle
• Eagle is located on the west bank of the Yukon
  River
• The river divides at Eagle around Belle Island
• The hydrokinetic turbine will be located just
  beyond the entrance to the west channel
• Turbine location will be optimized for depth and
  water velocity

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Hydrokinetic Opportunity
• Yukon River at Eagle
• The channel width in this area varies seasonally
  between 900 and 1,000 feet
• Channel maximum depth in the winter is about 18
  feet including 4 feet of ice
• The river water level changes 10 to 12 feet
  between winter and summer
• Water temperature varies from just above freezing
  to about 60F
• Water visibility varies from several feet in the
  winter to near zero in the summer
• Water velocity in the winter is about 7.3 ft/sec

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Hydrokinetic Opportunity
• Yukon River at Eagle Ice
• River normally begins to freeze in October
• River surface is frozen solid with ice normally
  about 4 feet thick
• Ice thickness can reach up to 8 feet
• Thinner ice in the area of the moving water
• Frazil ice under the solid ice, thickness of
  frazil layer unknown
• Ice break-up normally occurs in April and the
  river is clear by May
• Ice break-up can be destructive with ice flow
  scouring the river bottom and edges removing
  several feet of earth

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

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Yukon River Winter Time (Belle Island in the
Distance)
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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

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Ice Jamb Viewing Upstream from Eagle
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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

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Ice Jamb Viewing Downstream from Eagle
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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Project Overview
• Major Project Features
• Turbine
• Converter Station
• Directional Bore
• Cable
• Anchorage
• Turbine Deployment Recovery

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Turbine
• UEK System

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Turbine
• UEK Corporation
• Design and manufacturing performed since 1981 in
  Annapolis, Maryland USA
• Builders of river and tidal current turbines
  featuring ducted design enhanced with a flared
  discharge (Augmentor Ring)
• Current Activities
• Turbine model testing at LEcole Polytechnic
  Federal de Lausanne (EPFL) laboratory in
  Switzerland
• Turbine demonstration project in the Winnipeg
  River in collaboration with the University of
  Manitoba and Hydro Manitoba
• Turbine supply for the Chitokoloki Mission
  Hospital in Zambia, Africa to replace diesel
  generation unit similar to Eagle turbine -
  installed in the Zambezi River delivery end of
  2007

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Turbine
• Eagle Specifications
• 8 foot diameter UEK System twin-rotor design
• 100kW with a 5 knot flow
• Counter-rotating turbine runners
• Turbine assembly integrated into reinforced skid
  with flotation tanks to raise and lower the unit
  in the river
• Turbine protected with heavy duty ice deflecting
  cage
• 3Ø, AC generator with DC output from integrated
  rectifier
• DC connection to shore station
• DC-AC conversion at shore station

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project
UEK System View of Intake
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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project
UEK System View of Discharge
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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project
UEK System Section View
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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Turbine Platform

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Turbine Installation Views

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Turbine Anchoring Details

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Turbine Directional Boring Details

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Converter Station
• Utility Interconnection
• Shore based facility located on land leased from
  the city
• Station will be housed in a modified container
  equipped with
• AC-DC variable speed converters similar to
  Magnetek Type PCS
• 50 kW stackable modules
• 600 750 VDC input x 480 VAC, 3Ø, 60 Hz output
• Main switchgear with generator and feeder circuit
  breakers
• Monitoring and control equipment
• Communication equipment
• Station service equipment
• Air compressor for pumping air to turbine floats
• Nitrogen gas system for pressurizing the
  generator housing
• Step-up transformer and isolating switches for
  connection to utility power grid at 7,200 VAC
  (outdoor pole mounted)

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Directional Bore
• Cable Connection to Generator
• One bore sized for future additional turbine set
  or two bores
• Option I
• Bore from converter station to turbine anchorage
• Approximately 800 feet long
• Deep penetration from station elevation to below
  river almost 110 feet
• Most expensive
• Option II
• Bore from intermediate location at elevation
  nearer the river surface
• Shorter and shallower
• Longer overall cable distance
• Requires additional cable junction facility and
  trenching or overheading to converter station
• Modifiers
• Location of turbine in river, distance from shore

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Cable
• Cable Assembly
• Cable length from 1,000 to 1,500 feet long
• For the project the cable will be a loomed
  assembly of
• DC power cable
• Monitoring cable, multi-conductor and/or fiber
  optic
• Nitrogen gas hose
• Air hose
• Insulated and armored electrical/ fiber optic
  conductors
• Factory integrated cable possible for future
  projects
• Watertight submersion rated connectors at turbine
• Clamped to anchor cable for support

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Anchorage
• Turbine Anchors
• Single or multiple anchors for each turbine
• Located 180 to 200 feet upstream of turbine
• Anchor types being considered
• Deadweight type, concrete/steel
• Micropiles, bored and grouted
• Multiple galvanized steel anchor cables

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Deployment and Recovery
• Turbine Installation Removal
• Turbine launched from public boat ramp 2,500
  feet upstream
• Winch cable released under brake until turbine
  reaches anchor float
• Turbine guided into position by small powered
  boat
• Turbine attached to anchor cable and released
  from winch cable
• Cable and hoses connected
• Air released from float tanks to allow turbine to
  sink to bottom
• Removal performed with the opposite process
• Normal maintenance will include visual inspection
  and debris removal requiring only that the
  turbine be raised to the surface
• Annual maintenance will require that the turbine
  be removed

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Permitting and Regulatory Requirements
• Permitting Agencies
• US Army Corps of Engineers
• Moorage Permit
• State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources
• Office of Habitat Management and Permitting
• Fish Habitat Permit
• Division of Mining, Land and Water
• Private Non-Exclusive Right-of-Way Permit

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Permitting and Regulatory Requirements
• Reviewing Agencies
• US Department of Fish Wildlife Service
• Alaska Department of Fish and Game
• National Marine Fisheries Service
• Other jurisdictional local, state, and federal
  agencies

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Permitting and Regulatory Requirements
• Moorage Permit Requirements
• Moored facility submerged approximately 20 below
  the surface of the river.
• Historic and archeological remains -
  archeological monitor onsite.
• Navigable waters marking buoy and signals
• Approval of US Fish and Wildlife Service and
  Alaska Department of Fish And Game
• Monitoring Plan
• Possible fish injury from turbine operation
• Pressure changes caused by blade action
• Heat generation of unit and possible changes in
  surrounding water temperatures
• Physical, biological, and behavioral impacts to
  different sizes of fish

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Permitting and Regulatory Requirements
• Moorage Permit Requirements, cont.
• Initial testing timed to avoid upstream migration
  of adult fish and downstream smolt migration.
• Inclusion of mitigation measures such as screens
  or flutterboards, restrictions on operating
  times, and blade speed limits if required.
• Onshore facilities shall have minimal impact to
  riparian vegetation.

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Permitting and Regulatory Requirements
• Fish Habitat Permit Requirements
• Construction and installation plan submittal and
  approval
• Turbine pressure drop test results and possible
  field testing to confirm that pressure drop
  across turbine is lt2.7 psi.
• Underwater monitoring plan to videographically
  document
• Avoidance behavior of upstream migrant salmon
• Presence or absence of main stem Chinook salmon
  spawning redds

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Eagle Hydrokinetic Turbine Project

• Permitting and Regulatory Requirements
• Right-of-Way Permit Requirements
• General construction requirements
• Conduct studies to determine effect of the
  turbine on salmon as requested by the National
  Marine Fisheries Service.

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