NOAO Major Instrumentation Program: Long Range Planning

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NOAO Major Instrumentation Program Long Range
Planning

• NOAO Users Committee
• David Sprayberry
• October 6, 2006

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Outline

• Quick review of current projects
• Motivations
• NOAO Scientific Staff process
• Ideas generated
• The Way Forward ...

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NEWFIRM

• Optical Tests ? great results!
• Tribute to entire team
• Design, Fabrication, Assembly and Test all
  successful.
• Next Cold Cycle this month
• Vendors ...
• First light Jan
• SV Planning

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MONSOON

• Backlog cleared
• QUOTA working
• DECam Review positive
• ODI Selection
• Development work continuing
• ODI
• Torrent
• New interest cropping up all over...

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SAM SOAR Adaptive Optics Module

• PDR passed in Dec
• Mini-reviews since
• WFS optics
• Module/structure
• Parts in fab, science channel optics well along
• Science channel/NGS delivery late 2007
• LGS delivery late 2008

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MIP LRP Motivations

• Finishing NEWFIRM
• Last report of this Committee
• NSF Senior Review
• MIP Activities Next 2-3 years
• ODI in North, SAM in South, MONSOON both
• Begin fleshing out 1 or 2 concepts for new
  instruments
• Could push development further if partners appear

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Scientific Staff Input

• IPAC meetings over last 12 months
• Including presentations of ideas
• All-staff meeting September 12
• Reviewed likely context
• Summarized ideas
• Much useful feedback
• Context...

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Ground capabilities 8-12 m

• Strong emphasis on high spatial resolution
• Complex AO systems, arcmin to arcsec FOV
• Highly multiplexed spectroscopy
• Keck DEIMOS, MOSFIRE (2010)
• HET VIRUS (2009)
• VLT VIMOS, KMOS (2011), HAWK-I (2007?), X-Shooter
  (date?)
• Gemini FLAMINGOS-2 (2007), WFMOS (?)
• LBT Lucifer (2007, 2008)
• Widefield optical imaging
• Magellan IMACS
• Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam

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Ground 4-m, NOAO / AURA

• Emphasis on improved spatial resolution
• WIYN TTM, SOAR SAM --gt instrument feeds
• Building on widefield optical imaging strength
• ODI (2009)
• DEC (2009)
• Adding time domain
• LSST (2013)
• Extending frequency domain
• ALMA rampup 2007-2011, full ops 2012
• FOV 10-60 at 0.005-0.25 /pixel

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Space capabilities 2011

• Hubble retired 2010
• Huge archive, diffr limited optical images
• Spitzer out of gas 2009, out of cash 2011
• Huge archive, mid/far IR, 1-10/pix images, low
  res spectra
• Herschel just finished FIR mission
• Planck finished COBE followup mission
• GALEX, Chandra, XMM missions ended 2007-2010
• GAIA just launched, 5 yr MW astrometry mission
• SOFIA 2 yrs full ops, mid/far IR
• JWST two years from launchstanding by

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Survey Landscape in 2010

• Ground-based surveys
• SDSS all done (?)
• NEWFIRM/WFCAM/WIRCAM, PANSTARRS/VISTA operating
• WFMOS/HSC under construction?
• LSST under construction

• Space-based surveys
• WISE in orbit? (2008?) 3.5-23mm
• Herschel in orbit? (2007?) 57-670mm
• GLAST in orbit? (2007?) GRB
• Other stuff more uncertain

• Science follow-up of imaging survey products
• Wide-field spectroscopic surveys
• Rare-object spectroscopy
• Variable objects

Arjun Dey
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The Yin and Yang of 4 meter instruments
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SOIREE Single Object O/IR Extremely Efficient
spectrograph

• 0.35 lt ? lt 1.6 µm
• K more costly but possible
• Cool how much for ? range?
• R 3000
• Throughput gt 30
• Rapid faint-object acquisition (slit-viewing
  guider? New TCS?)
• Use O IR modes together or separately 3
  channels
• Slit length 1
• ADC? Need trade study
• NS? scope or internal?

• Efficiency gains from
• VPH gratings
• Modern dichroics
• Optimized coatings, detectors

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• Possible science applications
• Redshifts of bright, rare/variable targets where
  wide wavelength coverage is necessary (GRBs,
  high-z QSOs, SNe)
• Reverberation mapping of QSOs (monitoring of
  continuum and broad lines - can use same line
  over broad z range)
• Redshifts of objects with breaks near 1mm (z1.5
  luminous galaxies, z7-8 bright QSOs)
• Temporal monitoring of OIR spectra of
  core-collapse Sne (large l coverage gt better
  theoretical constraints)
• Multi-wavelength monitoring of variable sources
  (CVs, weird stars, new - LSST - classes of
  variables)
• Searches for very cool (L,T,Y) brown dwarfs
• Multiwavelength spectral atlas of Galactic stars
  (WISE/Herschel/JWST)
• Low-res Spectral Atlas of nearby (SDSS)
  galaxies for population synthesis

Arjun Dey
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4CES 4-meter Cryogenic Echelle Spectrograph

• 1 lt ? lt 5 µm
• R 50,000
• Slit 0.8 x 15
• High Throughput
• Si immersion grating
• Single 2k x 2k array
• IR slit-viewer for acquisition guiding
• Minimize modes, parts minimize cost

Schematic of an accretion disk around a T Tauri
pre-main sequence object
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High Spectral Resolution Science

• Origin of elements of life
• Physics of star formation regions
• Accretion disks
• Chemistry of the ISM, especially H3
• Masses for very low mass stars
• Astrochemistry of elementary life molecules,
  C2H2, HCN,
• Flows in circumstellar envelopes
• Unique ISM, PN diagnostics H2, forbidden lines,
  
• Magnetic fields, rotation, Doppler imaging,

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Niche Instrument Ideas
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GLAO Speckle

• 0.5 lt ? lt 1 µm
• Vlim 14 w/o GLAO, 15 w/ GLAO
• FOV 5
• Spatial Resolution 30 mas
• On SOAR
• Low-cost phased development from SAM

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STUFFIS SOAR Tunable Filter Fabry-Perot Imaging
Spectrograph

• 0.4 lt ? lt 0.9 µm
• FOV 5
• R lt 1000 spectrally, 0.5 spatially
• ARIES instrument for SOAR
• Needs CCD, mechanical, software support to
  complete

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3CPO 3-Micron Camera, Prime Focus Optimized

• 2 lt ? lt 5 µm
• FOV 10
• 0.6 spatial resolution
• Beats Spitzer in crowding-limited case
• Niche survey science in crowded Galactic fields
• Must be done before JWST flies
• Proposed as package with OVNI2

Young Stellar Objects behind known cluster in
Orion Lada et al. 2004, AJ 128, 1254
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OVNI2 Optimized Version Narrowband Infrared
Imager

• 1 lt ? lt 2.5 µm
• FOV 17 x 2 channels
• Resolutions
• 1.0 spatial
• R 150 spectral
• Narrowband optimized
• Provides imaging/survey capability not available
  with current/planned instruments

H2 images of N bar LR is 6-4 O(3)
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A Few Observations

• Not all these ideas are mutually exclusive
• Ex Speckle and/or STUFFIS are cheap enough that
  they could easily be done with another
• Ex 3CPO and/or OVNI should be quicker, could be
  phased around/ahead of a larger project
• Only Speckle STUFFIS are scope-specific
• Others could in principle go anywhere
• None of these are wide FOV
• Cost driver
• Covered with ODI, DEC, NEWFIRM, Hydra

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Costs, Generally

• Costs not well-known for most
• Plan to do concept studies of 1 or 2 in FY07
• NOAO/MIP not expected to have sufficient
  resources to build a new instrument alone
• Except for Speckle or STUFFIS
• Partnership(s) with other institution(s) will be
  absolutely necessary
• Partner interests will strongly affect choice of
  project

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Partnership Models

• OSIRIS, FLAMINGOS University builds instrument
  turns it over to NOAO
• DECam Partner consortium designs builds
  instrument, NOAO contributes some tech support
  and telescope improvements
• HRNIRS NOAO and UF shared labor and capital
  equally
• NEWFIRM NOAO provides most of the resources, U
  Md contributes minority shares

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What We Need From YOU

• Feedback on these instrument concepts
• Scientific impact
• Utility to community
• Suggestions of other concepts
• Help lining up partners with resources!