Title: Laser Tag Group
1Laser TagGroup 3
- Elisa Alfonso
- Navid Nowakhtar
- Jo-Anne Seignoret
- Layne Stein
2Project Objectives and Purpose
- Entertaining project focusing on integration.
- Functional gun and vest units.
- A base unit that keeps track of the score and
determines the winner. - Originally rendered audio samples programmed onto
an audio chip. - Wireless means of communication between the three
modules. - Interconnection of infrared, RF, and digital
logic technologies.
3Aggregate Specifications
- Powered by 9V DC batteries.
- Vest and Gun per unit weight of less than 5 lbs.
- RF frequency of 433 MHz.
- Infrared transmission frequency of 40 KHz, with
mitigated divergence of the signal (20 degrees). - Range of infrared detection (10-25 ft).
- 14 shots prior to reload.
- 10-15s stasis mode after magazine has been
extinguished.
4Aggregate Features/Functionality
- Team/player differentiation with the use of RF
addresses. - Vibration through the inclusion of small electric
motors in the vest unit. - Timed blinking lighting effects on the vest unit.
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8Power Subsystem
- Administered by
- Elisa Alfonso
9Voltage Regulation
- Implemented a 9 volt battery and an LM7805
regulator to control the voltage supply to each
individual component. - Almost all chips function at a 5 volt input (RF
receiver).
10Voltage Drop
- A 9 volt battery has a life span of 500 mAh.
- Each separate module will be operated with a
single 9V volt battery, allowing for a reasonable
performance interval for the game. - Battery operation times will vary, but will be
within a stable confidence interval.
11RF Subsystem
- Administered By
- Navid Nowakhtar
12Transmitter/Receiver Requirements
- Power requirements less than or equal to 5V.
- Built-in encoder/decoder.
- Mitigated external interference.
- FCC approved frequency.
- Reception distance of 100 ft, indoor/outdoor
fidelity. - Direct PCB Mounting.
- Low Price under 10/unit.
13KH Series by LINX
- On-Board Encoder(TX)\Decoder(RX)
- 8 Parallel Lines Allow Direct Interface
- 310 Addresses for Security and Uniqueness
- No External RF Components Required
- Ultra-Low Power Consumption
- Compact Surface-Mount Package
- No Production Tuning
- 433 MHz (FCC approved frequency)
- 10.00 Transmitter/16.00 Receiver
14KH Series Transmitter
- Two major advantages over LC Series built-in
encoder, and signal differentiation with address
lines. - Transmit enable line enables the on board encoder
IC. - Encoder detects logic states of data address
lines, and formats a three word transmission
cycle. - Encoder creates a serial data packet that is used
to modulate the KH transmitter.
Pin Layout of KH Series transmitter Courtesy of
LINX Technologies
15KH Series Receiver
- Built-in decoder, which translates transmitted
signal. - Address bits are checked against address settings
of the receiving device. - Once a match is confirmed, decoders output is
set to replicate transmitter's button status. - Design advantage only one receiver module
required.
16Antenna Requirements
- Made for operation at desired frequency of 433
MHz. - No external RF components required to integrate
antenna into modules. - Direct PCB mounting.
- Price of under 3/unit.
17Antenna Alternatives
18Antenna Integration
- Chose planar antenna by LINX.
- Specifically designed for chosen
transmitter/receiver. - Performed well in testing.
- Disadvantage surface mount, required precise
soldering to create successful PCB board.
19Audio Subsystem
- Administered By
- Layne Stein
20Sound Chip Requirements
- 5V Power Supply.
- Ability to program multiple sounds on one chip.
- Moderate quality audio reproduction.
- Audio input for homemade sounds.
- 10-12 seconds of recordable audio time.
- Direct PCB mounting.
- Memory recall without power.
- Low Price under 10/chip.
21Sound Chip Sample Rate-number of samples of a
sound that are taken per second to represent the
event digitally.
22Sound Chip
- Winbond ISD1212
- 5 KHz sample rate determined to be adequate for
our purposes.
23Chip Design/Operation
- Recorded homemade (44.1kHz at 24 bit) sounds and
edited them using Protools digital audio
workstation. - Edited existing sounds taken from internet.
- Used an analog connection from the Protools sound
card output to the sound chip input. - The binary position on the address pins A0-A7
correspond to a place in time in the memory of
the chip. - Each sample recorded at a certain address must be
played at that same address.
24Chip Sample Sound Table
25Record Mode
26Play Mode
27Speaker Requirements
- Impedance of 8/16 Ohms.
- Typical output of 12.2 mW.
- Manageable weight
- Small in size (less than 2 in diameter and 1 in
depth.) - Under 5/speaker cost.
28Speaker Selection
- Vest/Base
- GA0506
- 2 inches diameter
- 8 Ohms
- .5 Watt
- Gun
- GC0251K
- 14mm x 25mm
- 8 Ohms
- 1 Watt
29LM386 Amplifier Implementation
- Used on the vest, base, and gun units.
- Applied a voltage gain of 20 to all units.
30Amplifier/Sound Chip Schematic
31Infrared Subsystem
- Administered By
- Elisa Alfonso
32Infrared Emission Requirements
- Transmission frequency of 40 KHz.
- High-Power, long-range infrared emission.
- Straightforward modulation technique for
obtaining required frequency. - Very small to negligible divergence of infrared
beam angle (i.e. small convergence angle).
33TSAL 7200, High Output, Long-Range Infrared LED
- 17 degree beam angle (great mitigation of beam
divergence). - Removes the need for lenses
- Wavelength of 940 nm.
- Compact (5mm in length).
- Very inexpensive 0.65 per LED.
- Perfect match for our chosen IC transmitter and
detection module.
Courtesy of Rentron Electronics.
34IC Transmitter Advantages
- Can easily emit at desired frequency no external
components required. - Instant compatibility with 40 KHz detection
modules. - Relatively low cost compared to reliability of
transmission.
35TX-IR 38/40 KHz Infrared Remote Control IC
- 8- Pin PIC microcontroller custom programmed as
an infrared transmitter IC. - Designed for infrared remote control
applications. - Can choose between 38 or 40 KHz by pin values.
- True or inverted serial input modes.
- Relatively low cost 6 per unit.
Courtesy of Rentron Electronics.
36TSOP1140 Infrared Detection Module
- Visible Cutoff resin that helps to eliminate
interference from visible light sources. - No external components requiredremoves the 40
KHz carrier and outputs data directly. - Low Cost 3 per unit.
Courtesy of Rentron Electronics.
37Transmitter Circuit
Courtesy of Rentron Electronics
38Receiver Circuit
Courtesy of Rentron Electronics
39555 Timer Circuits and Other Digital Logic
- Administered By
- Jo-Anne Seignoret
40555 Timer Stasis Circuit
- Monostable operation
- Used for when magazine is depleted.
- Instead of automatic reload, user must hold/pulse
the guns reload button for 12s (within
tolerance) to regain ammo. - Simulative of a futuristic laser architecture.
Taken from www.andy-clarkson.me.uk/555/delay.html
41 555 Stasis Interconnect
42555 Timer Regulating Circuit
- Provides a pulse for a specified time interval.
- Used in the gun module as the trigger control.
- Used in the vest to control the electric motor,
and to control the RF transmitter.
Taken from http//www.andy-clarkson.me.uk/555/mono
.html
43555 Regulation Interconnect
44Astable Oscillating Circuit
- Used a 555 to build an astable circuit to control
the pattern of LEDs on the vest modules. - It oscillates with an
- Output high at t651.42 ms
- Output low at t325.71 ms
- Output frequency of 1.02 Hz
- Used in accord with an inverter to create a
blinking led circuit.
45CD74HCT153E Binary Counter/7 Segment LED Driver
- CD74HCT153E Used to keep track of the amount of
times the gun has been fired, and also tracks the
number of hits for each player for the base unit. - CD74HCT153E replaced the 74AC161, which was
extremely unreliable in testing and caused a
delay in integration. - CD4511BC LED driver successfully tested by manual
drive, and then integrated with a fully
functional binary counter.
46Counter to Emitter
47Counter to Driver
48PCB Milling
- Administered By
- Jo-Anne Seignoret
49PCB Milling/Prototyping Issues
- Double sided PCB boards for all three modules.
- Connected the top and bottom layers of copper
with the use of through-hole via pins. - Added considerable cost to each module, as via
supply was assumed to be provided.
50Prototype Casing
- Wanted a protective yet aesthetically pleasing
casing. - Casing made of lexan, which is protective but
allows for good interaction with the prototype.
51Final Implementation Hurdles
- Two part process of inceptive schematic
transformation into IsoPro was unexpectedly
tedious and time consumingthis was a big
learning experience for the group with respect to
milestone management. - Precision of surface mounted soldering called for
additional patience and care. - Resource projections constantly adjusted ad hoc,
resulting in intermittent parts acquisition
needs.
52Possible Improvements
- Use of a demultiplexer as opposed to a diode
interconnect to feed the proper addresses to the
ISD sound chip. - Using relays to increase the size of the
vibrating motors, which are hindered by the
amount of current flowing through our chips. - Encoder/decoder for infrared emission to further
decrease infrared interference, and to serve as a
second method of team differentiation.
53Administrative Content
- Administered By
- Navid Nowakhtar
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56Project Budget
57Laser Tag Tips
58Laser Tag Tip 3
- When starting laser tag, maintain a foothold on
the vest, preferably close to your chest area.
59Laser Tag Tip 2
- Hold gun over shoulder to achieve optimum aim.
60Laser Tag Tip 1
- Always have fun with laser tag!!!!!
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