Redefining Supportability

1
Redefining Supportability
Supportability That characteristic of a system
and its support system design that provides for
sustained system performance at a required
readiness level when supported in accordance
with specified concepts and procedures.
Supportability Supportability as defined herein
(a shift in the paradigm) is a metric that
addresses every support event within the domain
of the Integrated Logistics Support Elements,
with respect to support event frequency, event
duration, and event cost. This is reflected in a
composite, quantitative and qualitative
characteristic of the supported system (project)
to meet specified operational requirements for
its intended life cycle, and is optimized for
Total Ownership (TOC).
2
Supportability Approach must Emphasize Support
EventCharacterization Beyond Traditional
Operational Availability (AO)
NEW APPROACH
TRADITIONAL APPROACH
VS
OT ST
THE PROBABILITY THAT, WHEN USED UNDER STATED
CONDITIONS, A SYSTEM WILL OPERATE SATISFACTORILY
AT ANY TIME. AO CAN BE EXPRESSED BY THE
FOLLOWING FORMULA
GIVEN Ma

(?) OT ST TCM TPM MLDT
MISSING EVENTS
OT ST
AO

• - SERVICING
• - RECONFIGURING
• GROUND/CARRIER HANDLING
• SET UP AND TEAR DOWN

- COMBAT OPERATIONS - LAUNCH ACTIVITIES - MISSION
VARIATIONS - OTHER NON RM ACTIONS
OT ST TCM TPM A/LDT
TOTAL OPERATING TIME DURING A SPECIFIC
INTERVAL TOTAL STANDBY DURING A SPECIFIED
INTERVAL TOTAL CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE TIME
DURING THE SAME SPECIFIED INTERVAL TOTAL
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE TIME DURING THE SAME
SPECIFIED INTERVAL TOTAL ADMINISTRATIVE
AND LOGISTICS DOWNTIME DURING THE SPECIFIED
INTERVAL

WHERE
OT ST TCM TPM A/LDT
HENCE, AO ADDRESSES RM ONLY
HENCE, MATERIAL AVAILABIITY REQUIREMENTS
ADDRESS ALL EVENTS
SUPPORT PLANNING BASELINE (PEACETIME OPERATIONS)
DESIGN FOR S BASELINE (WARTIME OPERATIONS)
3
Supportability (S) Addressing Integration

• The Supportability Metric addresses EVERY support
  event as a DESIGN DRIVEN attribute, with respect
  to support event frequency, event duration, and
  event cost.
• This approach reflects an integration of
  quantitative and qualitative characteristics that
  meet specified Operational Requirements, Total
  Ownership Cost (TOC) goals and Performance Based
  Logistics (PBL).
• What is Supportability (S)?
• S Supportability is the integrating function
  for all ilities with regards to design
  characterization, and is reflected by design
  features resulting from Supportability Design-to
  Requirements (SDTRs)
• S F(f, d, c) provides the integrating function
• f support event frequency (includes
  reliability driven events)
• d support event duration (includes
  maintainability driven events)
• c support event cost - support system cost per
  event (e.g. all ILS elements facilities,
  training, transportability, etc.)
• Supportability is at its Optimum when S
  approaches minima, or when the system is self
  sufficient at least cost (therefore best value).
• Supportability can be expressed in terms of Total
  Ownership Costs (TOC) as shown below.
• Supportability Component of TOC S TOC ? (f x d
  x c)

4
The Supportability Engineering Top Ten Steps

• 1. Establish the Project Baseline with Systems
  Engineering (SE)
• Review statistical supportability drivers S
  F(f,d,c) of Comparative Systems using Pareto
  Analysis
• Review the predecessor or comparable systems
  technical data
• Interview maintenance techs with SPECIFIC
  questions
• Develop detailed lessons learned from steps 3 4
  PBL IPT.
• 6. Integrate technical data, statistics, and
  interviews - develop initial SDTRs linked to the
  S function.
• Optimize SDTRs
• CUSTOMER criteria
• Technological opportunities
• Explore with Design Team members and
  Producibility Engineers to ascertain design
  characteristics.
• 8. Finalize SDTRs - use specification language
• Update or negotiate SDTRs with SE and Designers.
• 10. Incorporate SDTRs into the System
  Specification or ECP

• The support scenario must focus on an attempt to
  eliminate the logistics infrastructure and reduce
  total ownership cost (TOC), which includes Depot
  and contractor support. PBL is applied to whats
  left.

5
Comprehensive Supportability Design-To
Requirements (SDTRs)Reduce Event Frequency,
Duration and Cost to Meet System Spec
Supportability Design-to Framework
Traditional R M
SELECTED SET OF SDTRs
RELIABILITY MAINTAINABILITY - MAINTENANCE
PREVENTIVE CORRECTIVE - SUPPLY DELAY
- ADMIN DELAY (128 PARAMETERS FROM MIL-STD-721C)
SUPPORTABILITY (S) ELEMENTS
- OPERATIONAL SUITABILITY
- READINESS
- INFLIGHT SUSTAINABILITY
- OPERATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY
- MOBILITY/TRANSPORTABILITY
- LOGISTICS LIFE CYCLE COST
- AVAILABILITY (A0)
SUPPORT ACTIONS
- RELIABILITY
DESIGNER
- GROUND HANDLING
- MAINTAINABILITY
- SERVICING (FUEL, OIL...)
- ARMAMENT WEAPONS
SUPPORT EVENTS 500 PARAMETERS DESIGN TO
ALGORITHMS
LOADING
- RADIO/RADAR FREQ CHANGES
UNLOADING
- HOT/COLD WEATHER KITS
- BALLAST LOADING/UNLOADING
- MISSION RECONFIGURATION
- TAPE INSTALLATION (PROMS)
TAILORED SDTRs
- EQUIPMENT DISPLACEMENT (TEAR-DOWN)
- CHAFF LOADING/UNLOADING
- NAVY OPERATIONS (OCEAN, SUB-SEA)
- EQUIPMENT EMPLACEMENT (SET-UP)
- AUSTERE FIELD (3rd WORLD)
- PRESERVATION
- SPECIAL OPERATIONS
- DEPRESERVATION
- ENGINE RUNUP IN TEST CELL
- TRAINING MISSIONS
- COMBAT MISSIONS
- FLEXIBILITY
- FERRY MISSIONS
- REACTION TIME
- INSPECTIONS (MAJOR, MINOR)
SYSTEM SPEC
- ALERT TIME
OPERATIONS
GENERAL SUPPORT ACTIONS
OPERATIONS
6
How Should We Convey Supportability Requirements?
Ai
DOWNTIME
FMECA
Aa
MTMBA
95 BIT
MTBF
Ao
MTTS
DMMH
FALSE ALARM
UPTIME
MTTR
RTOK
Mp
R GROWTH
FAILURE - RELEVANT - NON-RELEVANT -
CHARGEABLE - NON CHARGEABLE
Mc
WHAT THE.???
DIRECT TIME
OR THIS

• Supportability Design-to Requirement (SDTR) The
  directional control computer shall contain BITE
  circuitry that tracks within the full range of
  control surface positions, and shall be
  impervious to variations in system ground levels
  (0.5v DC).
• The Objective Lets make it easy for the
  designer by making supportability transparent
  through simple and direct specifications oriented
  to PBL.

7
Supportability is the Forcing Function that
Addresses the Elements and Sub-Elements
Simultaneously with SDTRs
8
Algorithms can Define Supportability (S) Design
Characteristics

IF S Supportability and S F(f, d, c)
f support event frequency d support event
duration c support event cost
S is at its optimum when S approaches 0 with
respect to f, d, and c,
and
Where

Then, S(f, d, c)OPT

Comparison baseline

BASELINE
(gtgtgt)
The new project

)
(
TH
j
6
9



?
Pb
?
?
E(WTP )
PROJECT

SE(WTp)

c
1
1
1
ECP jTH K Kb
Engineering change proposal Selection range of
baseline parameter values Parameter reflecting
historical data Parameter baseline from
comparative, historical WUCs Unique set of SDTRs
, that address baseline system, LRU,
SRU Selection range of SDTRs that operate ( or
-) on the jTH set of baseline values of f, d, or
c. Supportability at optimum state when support
events approach 0 Supportability design-to
requirements
Correction of baseline value or historical
data Baseline, existing or predecessor
system Supportability elements - major 1)
Operational suitability 2) Readiness 3) In-flight
sustainability 4) Survivability 5) Operational
sustainability 6) Mobility/transportability 7)
Reliability and maintainability 8) Life-cycle
cost 9) Availability (AO)
Supportability elements - subordinate 1) 01- 09
support general codes 2) Preventive
maintenance 3) Corrective maintenance 4) Resource
consideration 5) Personnel requirements 6)
Support equipment and facilities Weighted or
relative importance of elements -
baseline Weighted or relative importance of
elements - project Work unit code reflects system
data definition for historical data collection
or for new systems
ADJ
SE
B or b
E
L
nTH
WTb
WTp
S (f, d, c) OPT
WUC
SDTR
9
The WBS - Beyond Earned Value Reporting

• The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is important
  as an Information Node
• Take Advantage of the WBS to nestle your
• Comparative Data
• Statistical Information
• Use the WBS as the Basis for Design-to
  Requirements
• Expand the WBS Dictionary to include the way you
  actually plan Work

10
Lessons Learned Linked to Requirements P, S F
(f,d,c) Are Embedded In the Work Breakdown
Structure (WBS)
Information Nodes
WBS
WBS
11
The WBS - Beyond Earned Value Reporting

• The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) then
• is structured to view Work Unit Codes as SDTRs
• can be monitored in scheduling tools (Microsoft
  Project) to track status of design progress to
  SDTRs
• which allows critical path identification of
  SDTRs
• Makes design appraisals more accurate and
  efficient
• Is used for Information Management
• Access to your data
• Retrieval of important information
• Multiple applications of your knowledge
• Generate schedules based on the WBS content
• Requirements Traceability (DOORS, SLATE, etc.)
• Data Base Management
• Knowledge Clusters
• Etc

12
What about Producibility?
The Producibility Design-to Requirements (PDTR)
Development Process

• New Design Related Metrics
• Integrating Producibility and Supportability

13
PRODUCIBILITY DEFINED
Producibility elements - major 1) Aspects of
design 2) Specifications and standards 3)
Materials selection 4) Processes definition 5)
Environmental requirements 6) General
inspections 7) Testing 8) Safety
considerations 9) Cleaning requirements
14
AND THIS

• Producibility element - subordinate
• 1) Documentation control and administration
• 2) Piece part/minor fabrication
• 3) Assembly and test
• 4) Integration and performance checks
• 5) Personnel characteristics
• 6) Facilities/equipment/transportation
• Again, just as in Supportability, we compute
• Weighted or relative importance of elements for
  system being replaced or modified - Comparison
  Baseline
• Weighted or relative importance of elements that
  we want to see in the new system- The New Project

15
PRODUCIBILITY DEFINED(surprise - same as
Supportability!)

• Producibility is defined as
• The frequency of the manufacturing event where f
  manufacturing event frequency
• i.e., how often will it occur?
• The duration of the manufacturing event where d
  event duration i.e., how long is the event?
• The cost of the manufacturing event where c
  event cost
• I.e., how much will it cost?
• P IS AT ITS OPTIMUM WHEN P IS MINIMIZED OR WHEN
  PRODUCTION IS MOST EFFICIENT, EASY TO ASSEMBLE,
  AND AT LEAST COST

16
Producibility Integration Process

• Evolving designs are optimized for producibility
• Producibility Design-To-Requirements (PDTRs)
  provide comparison basis against Predecessor
• PDTRs serve as guidelines during the Technology
  Insertion Process to ensure technology does not
  proliferate producibility risks
• Maximize producibility/supportability synergism
• Simulate factory flow optimization after PDTR
  implementation to determine PDTR effectiveness
• Incorporate PDTRs into the Technical Data Package
  so as not to lose them when you create a build
  package for re-procurement

A disciplined, systematic approach enhances
Producibility Implementation
17
Algorithm Defined Producibility (P) Design-to
RequirementsAssure Team Member Focus gtgtgt Reduce
Production Events
P Producibility. P F(f, d, c)
Producibility is a metric with respect to
production event frequency, duration, and cost
that reflects composite characteristics of the
manufactured system (project), to meet specified
quantity, schedule and production standards.
PRODUCIBILITY MANAGER
SYSTEM ENGINEERING
DESIGN ENGINEERING
Where f manufacturing event frequency d
manufacturing event duration c manufacturing
event cost
Events range from Anodize to Zyglo
PRODUCIBILITY ELEMENTS ASPECTS OF
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS MATERIALS
SELECTION PROCESS DEFINITION ENVIRONMENTAL CONSI
DERATIONS GENERAL INSPECTIONS TESTING SAFETY
CONSIDERATIONS CLEANING REQUIREMENTS
PRODUCIBILITY ENGINEER
P is at its optimum for the project when P
approaches 0 with respect to f, d, and c, or
POPT PBASELINE gtgtgt P PROJECT
PDTR OPTIMIZATION TECHNOLOGIES
INSERTION TRADE STUDIES INDEPENDENT
RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT (IRAD)

P(f, d, c)OPT

ALGORITHMS P ((((JthPS...))

BASELINE
Selection range of baseline parameter
values Parameter, reflecting historical
data Parameter baseline from comparative, historic
al WBSs Unique set of PDTRs analyses that address
baseline system and generate project
requirements Project, new system or major
ECP Selection range of PDTRs that operate ( or
-) on the jTH set of baseline values of f, d, or
c. Producibility at optimum state when support
events approach 0 (minima) Producibility
design-to requirements
jTH K Kb
Correction of baseline value or historical
data Baseline, existing or predecessor
system Producibility elements - major 1) Aspects
of design 2) Specifications and standards 3)
Materials selection 4) Processes definition 5)
Environmental requirements 6) General
inspections 7) Testing 8) Safety
considerations 9) Cleaning requirements Engineerin
g change proposal
Producibility element - subordinate 1)
Documentation control and administration 2) Piece
part/minor fabrication 3) Assembly and test 4)
Integration and performance checks 5) Personnel
characteristics 6) Facilities/equipment/transporta
tion Weighted or relative importance of
elements - baseline Weighted or relative
importance of elements - project Work breakdown
structure reflects system data definition for
historical data collection or for new systems
ADJ
SE
B or b
E
L
M or m
WTb
nTH
WTm
P (f, d, c) OPT
WBS
ECP
PDTR
18
Integrated Supportability and Producibility
DESIGN INTEGRATION
DESIGNERS
DESIGNERS
SYSTEMS ENGINEERS
DESIGNER
Reliability
Maintainability
Producibility
Logistics
Other
FORMAL
INFORMAL
Supportability S
Producibility P
FIELD SUPPORT
PRODUCIBILITY ENGINEER
SUPPORTABILITY ENGINEER
HUMAN FACTORS SAFETY
PDTR OPTIMIZATION TECHNOLOGIES
INSERTION TRADE STUDIES INDEPENDENT
RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT (IRAD)
SDTR INTEGRATION SUPPORTABILITY
TECHNOLOGIES TRADE STUDIES INDEPENDENT
RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT (IRAD)
ILS DISCIPLINES/ELEMENTS MAINTENANCE PLANNING
MANPOWER AND PERSONNEL SUPPLY SUPPORT
TRAINING TECHNICAL DATA COMPUTER RESOURCES
SUPT PKG, HANDLING AND STORAGE
TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES STANDARDIZATION
AND INTEROPERABILITY
LOGISTICS SUPPORT ANALYSIS
DESIGN SUPPORT EQUIPMENT TRAINING DEVICES
Supportability Design-To-Requirements
(SDTRs)
Producibility Design-To-Requirements
(PDTRs)
19
Summary

• Supportability (S) and Producibility (P) may be
  redefined as the integrating functions,
  represented by all ILS elements, that addresses
  all support events related to the design of the
  system such that Supportability is a Function
  of
• f Support or Production event frequency
• d Support or Production event duration
• c Support or Production event cost per event
• This function can be used in Pareto analyses of
  an existing, baseline or comparative system to
  determine the drivers (f,d,c), which also include
  MTBF and MTTR.
• Those same drivers are then intentionally reduced
  by design-collaborated SDTRs for each event.
• Design responses to each SDTR are tracked and
  assessed for the entire system.
• When (S) and (P) approach minima, the system is
  said to be self-sufficient and in an ideal state.
  Support event frequency, duration and cost can be
  independently defined, and using a life cycle
  cost model such as CASA, the impact on cost can
  be immediately determined.

20
CONCLUSION

• Integrate Producibility and Supportability
  design-to results into a systems engineering
  requirement. We must
• Extend Supportability beyond traditional metrics
  (MTBF, MTTR, etc.)
• Define NEW metrics Producibility -
  Supportability
• Develop requirements written in design-to
  language
• Address Readiness, Sustainability, Mobility,
  Transportability and Operational Availability via
  SDTRs
• Use the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) as an
  Information Node for requirements development and
  tracking
• Support by Design is the Key - through
  Supportability and Producibility Design-to
  Requirements (SDTRs and PDTRs), resulting in
• Low Maintenance Man Hours per Flight Hour
  (Mmh/FH)
• Reduced Cycle Time
• Reliability and Robustness
• Reduced Logistics Foot Print
• Supportable and Producible Products