Anthropology 130

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Anthropology 1-30

• Social relationships

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Marcel Mauss (1872-1950)
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Mauss

• Founding figure in French anthropology
• Searched for structural similarities in different
  social forms

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Essai sur le don. Forme et raison de léchange
dans les sociétés primitives (1923-24)

• Gifts
• not primarily economic transactions
• préstations totales
• expressions of social relations and cultural
  values

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kula
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(No Transcript)
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mwali (armshell)
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souvala (necklace)
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Roboti wearing both Nanoulaand Kabwaku (Giribwa,
PNG)
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Exchange

• exchange of words, things, people
• reciprocity (tit for tat)
• restricted exchange (keeping it in the family)
• general exchange (what goes around comes
  around)
• (unintended) patterns of exchange

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Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908-)
structural patterns of exchange relationships
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Lévi-Strauss structuralism

• Focused on how people categorize the world
• Mental and social structures
• Binary oppositions

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Binary oppositions
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Taboo

• things you may eat things you may not eat
• people you may marry people you may not marry

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Food taboos

• pigs
• dogs and cats
• people

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Marriage taboos

• parents-children
• grandparent-grandchildren
• siblings

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Incest taboo

• universal
• assures the circulation of women (Durkheim,
  Lévi-Strauss)
• endogamy exogamy
• different sorts of kinship

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Kinship terms

• Mother, father, brother, sister, son, daughter
• Uncle, aunt, nephew, cousin
• Uncle morbror farbror
• Aunt moster faster
• Nephew systerson brorson
• Cousin kusin

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Cousins

• Cousin (first cousin cousin german) kusin
• Second cousin syssling, tremänning, nästkusin
  (child of ones parents cousin)
• Third cousin brylling, fyrmänning, sysslingbarn
  (child of ones parents second cousin)

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Cousins

• First cousin once removed kusinbarn or förälders
  kusin
• First cousin twice removed kusins barnbarn or
  far- or morförälders kusin
• Second cousin once removed barn till ens
  syssling or ens förälders syssling

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In-laws

• Mother-in-law ones wifes or husbands mother
  (svärmor)
• Father-in-law ones wifes or husbands father
  (svärfar)
• Son-in-law ones daughters husband (svärson)
• Daughter-in-law ones sons wife (svärdotter)

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Sister-in-law (svägerska)

• Ones wifes or husbands sister
• Ones brothers wife
• Ones brother-in-laws wife

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Types of kinship

• affinity kinship through marriage
• consanguinity kinship by blood