What is Renewable Energy?

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What is Renewable Energy?

• energy is produced from
• regenerative, resources such as
• solar radiation, wind, water and
• heat from the earth's interior.

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• Renewables have long been used for a wide variety
  of applications ranging from
• solar energy for cooking meals,
• to hydroelectric plants for generating energy

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Why Use Renewable Energy?

• in developing countries where environmental,
  ideological and economic reasons prevail
• alternative to conventional energy sources that
  are
• unavailable,
• unevenly distributed,
• and extremely costly.

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Solar Heating

• Solar rays provide energy that is used to heat
  water or air.
• for heating water for domestic use.
• include cooking and crop drying.

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• Environmental concerns heating plant in Denmark
  to add a 32,293 ft2 solar energy plant to
  supplement the town's existing coal fired plant.
• solar plant would eliminate the effect on the
  environment of burning 200 tons of coal a year,

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• plant produces 1,270 kWh annually and saves
  100,800 per year.
• eliminates production of 7.6 tons of sulfur
  dioxide, 2.6 tons of nitrous oxide and 1,300 tons
  of CO2

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• Bornholm Folk High School in Denmark saves 29,000
  liters of oil and 13,920 due to its solar
  heating system.
• permitting the saving of 30 of the school's
  annual oil consumption
• reducing atmospheric emissions annually by 174
  lbs. each of sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide as
  well as 70.5 tons of carbon dioxide

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Photovoltaic

• convert solar radiation into electricity.
• provide energy for innumerable applications
• water pumping to hydrogen production

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• A PV-Wind-Diesel hybrid system forms a
  centralized power system located in the center of
  the town of Santa Maria Magdalena, Hidalgo,
  Mexico.
• Village-wide, utility grade power is provided for
  43 homes, three schools, two stores, a church and
  an auditorium.

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• More homes and a clinic will be added to the
  system in the future.
• The system is designed to support 45 kWh/day
  loads with substantial expansion capability.

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• Sadat City, Egypt is the site of a 10 KVA
  air-conditioning system and a 3.5 KVA water
  pumping system installed in 1981.
• The water pumping system for crop irrigation
  produces 15.89 kWh/day while the air-conditioning
  unit for an administration building produces 45.4
  kWh/day.

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• gas generator backs up the AC
• AC system consists of 320 modules, with two days
  of battery
• water pumping system is 96 modules, with one day
  of battery.

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• Hydroelectric energy
• the power of which is produced by falling water.
• impounds water behind dams and then diverts it
  through a channel to a water turbine that
  generates the electricity.
• projects range in size from those on major rivers
  and dams, to those on smaller rivers and
  reservoirs.

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• The Shin-Aimoto Hydroelectric Power Plant,
  capable of producing 124 MW
• started operations in 1985 in Japan

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Hydroelectric

• Hydropower is an excellent power source as it can
  be collected at any time of the day, has a long
  lifetime (50 to 100 years),
• and is environmentally benign.

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• Geothermal
• comes from the heat held in underground rocks and
  fluids intense pressure and radioactivity
• generates heat and it occasionally escapes
  through hot springs and geysers.
• ten percent of the world's land mass contains
  geothermal resources

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• Cerro Prieto geothermal field in Northern Mexico.
  
• producing a total of 180 MW of electrical power.

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• greenhouse in Japan is heated by a geothermal
  facility.
• is also widely used for power generation, air
  conditioning, hot water supply and fish
  cultivation.

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• Biomass energy is energy produced from organic
  materials.
• Includes wood, biogas, crop residuals, solid
  waste, animal wastes, sewage, and waste from food
  processing.
• Energy derived from biomass includes gas,
  electricity, liquid fuels, dry heat and steam.
• Wood fuel, energy from waste and alcohol fuels
  are the three main forms of bioenergy.

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• It can sometimes be easy to overlook valuable
  resources due to preconceptions.
• sugar mill in India underwent a change of
  perceptions when it stopped treating bagasse as a
  waste product and began utilizing it as an energy
  source for milling operations.
• Surplus bagasse can be used to produce
  electricity for sale to nearby industries or the
  utility grid

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• Wind energy
• convert the kinetic energy of the wind into a
  useful form of energy.
• composed of a rotor, tower, drive train,
  generator, and control systems.
• designed to operate in remote locations and are
  often tied in to other power generation systems.

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• A wind/diesel hybrid system installed in Norway.
• Remote power systems utilizing U.S. small wind
  turbines have been installed in more than 70
  countries around the world.

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Passive Heating

• This "tropical pyramid" is part of a sport
  center, hotel complex and conference center in
  Vosendorf, 12 miles south of Vienna, Austria.
• The concept was to create a tropical landscape in
  the open air to look as natural as possible.

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• The transparent sides make excellent use of day
  lighting and help with solar heat gains.
• An efficient energy. management system keeps the
  energy consumption relatively low.

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• Passive solar building design taps the heating
  energy of sunshine directly.
• Passive solar makes use of architectural features
  for heating, cooling and lighting.
• Proper design can reduce the demand for
  electricity used for lighting and air
  conditioning in residential, commercial and
  office buildings.

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• Los Molinos School in Andalucia, Spain, uses
  passive principles for minimal energy use, low
  maintenance, durable, adequate lighting and
  acoustic control.
• The design takes into account the educational use
  of the building -- no night-time occupancy and
  reduced summer use.

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• Solar radiation through the fixed blind system
  provides heat for the school, with
  cross-ventilation reducing overheating.
• Day lighting is used extensively throughout the
  school.