SITUATEDNESS

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SITUATEDNESS
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Situatedness
Basic Ideas Interaction not just
encoding Construction not just recall Cognitive
Science Dewey (1896) Sequences of acts are
composed such that subsequent experiences
categorize and hence give meaning to what was
experienced before. Gero (1998) where you are
when you do what you do matters Experimental
Studies Schön and Wiggins (1992) interaction of
making and seeing Suwa, Gero and Purcell (1999)

Sketches serve as a physical setting in which
design thoughts are constructed on the fly
in a situated way.
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Where you are when, matters
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What you focus on, matters
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What you are looking for affects what you see
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No unique representation of world, depends partly
on your expectations
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Constructive Memory
SITUATION
EXPERIENCE
MEMORIES
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Constructive Memory
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SITUATEDNESS An interaction of different worlds
Action
External World
Expected World
Interpreted World
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Process Theory of Designing based on FBS
PROCESS THEORY of DESIGNING 1 formulation 2
synthesis 3 analysis 4 evaluation 5
documentation 6 reformulation -1 7
reformulation -2 8 reformulation -3
F function ? transformation Be expected
behavior ? comparison Bs behavior derived
from structure S structure D design
description
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Situated FBS Theory of Designing
New processes
focussing
comparison
transformation
push-pull
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Formulation
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Synthesis
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Analysis
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Evaluation
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Documentation
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Reformulation Type 1
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Reformulation Type 2
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Reformulation Type 3
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Initial Representation
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Example
Sepulchral Church, Sir John Soane, 1796
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Learning the situatedness
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Multiple situations
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Implementation
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Providing different moves(alternatives) in
response to design actions
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Schön and Wiggins (1992) interaction of making
and seeing

• Representation (R)
• Process (P)
• Computation (C)
• C P x R
• C R x P

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Situated Sketching (after Stiny after Schön)
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• ? An area of interest is focused on.
• ? Memory constructed from previous, recalled
  experiences.
• ? Situations are constructed/recalled.
• ? Interesting new shapes are learned.

Situated Reflection-in-Action