Navigating CARBs Diesel Vehicle Regulations

1
Navigating CARBs Diesel Vehicle Regulations
2
Current CARB Diesel Regulations

• On Highway
• Municipal and Utility vehicles
• Solid Waste Collection Vehicles (SWCV)
• Transit Bus
• Port/Drayage trucks
• Truck and Bus (Private Fleet Rule)
• Off Highway
• Mobile vehicles
• Cargo Handling vehicles
• Portable Equipment
• TRUs
• Locomotives
• Agriculture
• Marine
• Commercial Harbor Craft
• Ocean Going Vessels

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Need for Emissions Reductions

• Reduce Diesel Particulate Matter (PM)
• Diesel PM responsible for 70 of known cancer
  risk from all air toxics
• Reduce oxides of nitrogen (NOx)
• NOx leads to ozone and secondary PM
• Attain health based 8-hour ozone and PM2.5
  standards
• Federal Clean Air Act
• State Implementation Plan (SIP) - a master plan
  developed by ARB and districts that identifies
  how to meet federal clean air deadlines
• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions (CO2)

4
On-highway Emissions Levels
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Statewide Truck and Bus Regulation

• Diesel trucks, buses, and shuttles traveling in
  CA
• 14,000 GVWR and above
• Interstate, Intrastate, International vehicles
• Any person, business, or government agency who
  owns, leases, rents, or sells a vehicle in CA
• Install PM controls in 2010 and 2011
• Most vehicles equipped by 2014
• Phase in 2010 model year engine equivalent
• One turnover between 2012 and 2022
• Exhaust retrofits if equivalent emissions

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Statewide Truck and Bus Regulation

• Any of 3 compliance options for PM or NOx
• Best Available Control Technology (BACT)
• Limits on turnover and retrofits
• Fleet average
• Exceptions
• Emergency, military, tactical vehicles
• School buses only subject to PM requirement
• Personal use motorhomes

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Truck and BusCompliance Option 1 BACT

• PM BACT
• Level 3 (highest level)
• NOx BACT
• 2010 MY emissions or better
• 2004-06 MY w/ 85 NOx reduction
• 2007 MY w/ 70 reduction
• NO reporting required

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Truck and BusCompliance Option 2 Turnover
Retrofit limits

• PM BACT
• Level 3 (highest level)
• NOx
• 2010 MY emissions or better
• 2004-06 MY w/ 85 NOx reduction
• 2007 MY w/ 70 reduction
• Reporting required

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Truck and BusCompliance Option 3 Fleet Average

• Can be met by any method (PM, NOx, turnover)
• Provides opportunity for NOx controls
• Provides flexibility
• Allows mix of cleaner and dirtier engines
• Staggered start dates
• PM begins in 2010
• NOx begins in 2012
• Each year, target (based on fleets makeup and
  emission factors) is lowered
• Reporting required

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Truck and Bus Special ProvisionsSmall Fleets

• Applies to fleets of up to 3 vehicles
• Exempt from performance requirements in 2010 and
  2011
• First vehicle upgraded in 2012
• 2004 emission engine with PM control exempt until
  2017
• Remaining trucks upgraded 2013-2022
• Provide additional time for 3 vehicle fleets
• Subject to reporting requirements

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Special ProvisionsExempt from Replacement
Requirements

• Remain subject to PM requirements
• Subject to reporting requirements

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Truck and BusOther Special Provisions

• Specialty farm vehicles exempt from PM until 2017
• Vehicles used fewer than 1,000 miles and less
  than 100 hours per year are exempt from all clean
  up requirements
• Vehicles operated exclusively outside
  non-attainment areas
• Credits for hybrid vehicles expires in 2017
• Subject to reporting requirements

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Off-highway Emission Levels
20
90 reduction of NOx (1996-2007)
Unregulated level
54
15
35
10
Oxides of Nitrogen (g/bhp-hr)
40
Tier 1
50
5
Tier 2
?
Tier 3
Tier 4
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
Year
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Diesel In Use Off Road Regulation Overview

• Regulation applies to any person, business, or
  government agency who owns or operates any
  diesel-fueled or alternative diesel fueled self
  propelled off-road vehicle within California
• 25 horsepower
• Applies to the drive engine only
• Includes out-of-state vehicles brought into
  California
• Excludes
• Vehicles primarily used (gt 50 time) for
  agricultural operations
• Vehicles used for personal use

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Diesel In Use Off Road Regulation Overview

• Reduce PM and NOx emissions
• Restrictions on adding vehicles to fleet
• No Tier 0 allowed after 3/1/2009
• Can not add vehicles causing you to become non
  compliant
• Labeling requirements
• EIN (Equipment Identification Number), per engine
• Idling Limits 5 minutes
• Annual reporting requirements (DOORS)
• Compliance options
• Best Available Control Technology (BACT)
• Limits on turnover and retrofits
• Fleet average

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Fleet Size Definitions Initial Reporting
Dates
Diesel In Use Off Road Regulation

• Fleets must report their fleet information as it
  was on March 1, 2009

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Diesel Off Road Compliance Option 1 BACT

• If a fleet is unable to meet the emissions
  targets (Fleet Average method), they must use
  BACT
• NOx BACT
• Requires turnover/repower of 8 of total fleet Hp
  to meet NOx
• PM BACT
• Requires retrofitting of 20 of total fleet Hp to
  meet PM
• Previously retrofitted engines, exempted
  vehicles, designated low use vehicles, etc., are
  not used in calculation
• Carryover credits can be applied to future years
  compliance (in 2015 fleet must turnover more than
  10 to generate carryover credits)

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Diesel Off Road Compliance Option 2 Fleet
Average

• Medium and Large Fleets starting in 2010
• Small fleets are subject to PM targets in 2015
• Fleets must demonstrate that its Emissions Index
  is less than or equal to the calculated Emissions
  target
• Emission factors based on engine Hp groups
• Double Credit for early PM retrofits has been
  extended through 2009!
• Can be applied to future years compliance

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Diesel Off Road Compliance Option 2 Fleet
Average

• Can be met by any method
• PM and/or NOx retrofit
• Repower, turnover, convert to low use
• Provides opportunity for NOx controls
• Provides flexibility
• Allows mix of cleaner and dirtier engines
• Specialty equipment that can not be
  retrofit/repowered may continue to be used in
  short/medium term (must be offset with other
  actions)
• Each year, the target (based on fleets makeup)
  is revised (lowered)

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Diesel Off Road Compliance Option 2 Fleet
Average
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CARB Rule Compliance Tools

• http//www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/mobile.htm
• CARBs main fleet rule website
• Access to all mobile rules, on/off highway,
  marine, etc.
• Fleet Calculators available online
• Can help fleets develop compliance plans for
  current and future years
• Truck and Bus Version 4
• Off Road revised 2/4/09
• Online Reporting
• Off Highway DOORS (Diesel Off Road Online
  Reporting System)
• Emission Factor tables for On and Off Highway

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3Rs Compliance Strategy

• Retrofit
• Can be the most cost effective compliance method
• Allows continued use of existing vehicle/engine
• Does not extend the useful life of vehicle
• May still need to repower or replace in the
  future
• Repower
• Replace current engine with 2008 engine
• Extends the useful life of vehicle
• Requires significant application engineering
• May not be cost effective for older equipment
• Replace/Retire
• Reduce size of your fleet, if using Average
  method
• Replace vehicle with a newer used vehicle (with a
  retrofit) to extend final compliance
• Replace with a 2007/8 model to be compliant with
  rule

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2009 Tier 3 Engine Repowers

• Installation/project feasibility considerations
• How old is the equipment, and is it worth the
  investment?
• How complex is the installation?
• Drivetrain considerations
• New Hp and Torque ratings
• Cooling package Radiator and Charge Air Cooler
• New engines typically require additional cooling
  Turbo configuration and exhaust routing
• Will new exhaust and DPF cause clearance or
  interference issues?
• Engine electronics compatible with
  chassis/transmission?
• Cummins to Cummins or other make to Cummins?
• How many identical trucks do you have?
• Installation design engineering
• Financing assistance? Ask us for more
  information!

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Repower, Whats Involved?

• Engine Selection
• Application, Duty Cycle, Operational Environment
• Performance Needs
• Mounting - Will the new engine fit in the engine
  compartment? Mounts?
• Drive considerations
• Can existing drive handle new Hp/Tq? Try to match
  existing performance.
• Will engine mount to existing drive?
• PTO? Or auxiliary drives or pumps?
• Flywheel modifications? Housing?
• Cooling package Radiator and Charge Air Cooler
• Higher heat rejection on new engines require
  greater cooling
• Configuration, size and mounting
• Other systems needing cooling transmission,
  torque converter, hydraulic pumps, etc.
• Custom designed cooling package is typically
  required for off road repowers

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Repower, Whats Involved?

• Intake and Exhaust Systems
• Intake routing, air cleaner size/type
• Turbo configuration and exhaust routing
• DPF or aftertreatment required?
• Active/Passive? Clearance or interference issues?
  Radiant heat issues?
• Electrical System
• Are the new engine electronics compatible with
  chassis /transmission/drive system?
• Charging / Starting system - New Alternator and
  Starter
• Controls - Pedal, multiple or remote control
  panels
• New custom engine wiring harness
• Calibration may require tuning for engine
  speed, governors, throttle response, switches,
  custom applications, etc.
• Cummins to Cummins or other make to Cummins?
• Original engine specifications can help in
  ordering new engine configuration
• Mounting? PTO? Other accessories?

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Broad Product Range

• Diesel engine range from 1.4 to 78-liters
• 6.7 to 15 liter for On Highway
• Hp ratings from 31 to 3,500
• Natural Gas ISLG, up to 320 Hp

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Exhaust AftertreatmentRetrofits

• Cummins Cal Pacific is an authorized
  dealer/installer for the following DPF
  manufacturers
• Cleaire
• Johnson Matthey
• DCL
• Emission compliance and funding consulting
• Custom engineered solutions for both on and off
  highway installations
• In shop or in the field installation capability
• 4 cleaning machines throughout our territory
• Adding Level 2 cleaning machine in Q1 2009

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Exhaust AftertreatmentRetrofits Things to
consider

• Your emission compliance strategy
• How does a DPF help your compliance?
• Do you need NOx control?
• Verified Product available?
• Engine family number, Hp, application
• CARB VDECS website, http//arb.ca.gov/diesel/verde
  v/vdb/vdb.php
• Active or Passive regeneration?
• Data logging / exhaust temperature profile
• Is electric regeneration feasible? (equipment in
  the field)
• Age / Value / Condition of equipment and engine
• Financing assistance? Ask us for more information

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CARB VDECS Database
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Contact Information

• Cummins Cal Pacific
• 1939 Deere Ave.
• Irvine, CA 92606
• www.cumminscalpacific.com
• Scott Ruhlen, Director of Business Development
• scott.ruhlen_at_cummins.com
• [phone]
• Locations
• Irvine Montebello
• Bloomington El Cajon
• Ventura Downey