Science Skills

1
Chapter 1

• Science Skills
• 1.1 What is Science
• 1.2 Using a Scientific Approach
• 1.3 Measurement
• 1.4 Presenting Scientific Data

2
What is technology?

• What is science?
• What is technology?

3
1.1 What is Science?

• Science is a system of knowledge and the methods
  you use to find that knowledge.
• Science begins with curiosity and often ends with
  discovery.

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1.1 What is Science?

• Technology is the use of knowledge to solve
  practical problems.
• How is a telephone an example of both science and
  technology?

5
Group Time

• How do advances in science lead to advances in
  other fields?
• How does science impact you?

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Branches Science

• List and describe the branches of science.

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Branches of Science
8
Thought question

• List examples of how the various branches science
  work together in the real world.

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The Big Ideas of Physical Science

• Space and Time The four dimensions (Length,
  width, height and time).
• Matter and Change Matter has mass and volume
  and can change forms.

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The Big Ideas of Physical Science

• Forces and Motion Forces cause changes in
  motion.
• Energy Energy can be transferred from one form
  to another.

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Big ideas

• How do the big ideas of physical science apply to
  your life?

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In class assignment

• Answer the section 1.1 assessment in your book.

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What is the scientific method?

• What is the point of the scientific method?

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Step by Step

• Scientific Method is an organized plan for
  gathering, organizing, and communicating
  information.

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Step by Step

• Make Observation
• Ask Question
• Develop Hypothesis
• Experiment

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Step by Step

• Analyze Data and Draw Conclusions
• Hypothesis is supported or not supported
• Develop Theory

17
Group Time

• Work with your partner to complete the worksheet
• Use your notes!!!

18
Variables

• Manipulated variable (independent) is the
  variable you control and causes a change in
  another.

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Variables

• Responding variable (dependent) is the variable
  that changes in response to the manipulated
  variable.

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Variables

• Controlled experiment is an experiment which only
  one variable, the manipulated variable, is
  changed at a time.

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Scientific Theory

• A well tested explanation for a set of
  observations or experimented results.
• Theories are never proven.

22
Obey the Law

• A Scientific Law is a statement that summarizes a
  pattern found in nature.
• Has been verified over and over again.

23
Models

• Representation of an object or event
• It can be of a large object such as a car or
  solar system.
• It can be of a small object such as a cell or
  atom.

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Model
25
Warm-up

• Define and give an example of the following
• Responding variable
• Manipulated variable

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What is scientific notation?

• Why bother?

27
Measurement

• Scientific Notation
• A way of expressing a value as a product of a
  number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10.

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Measurement

• Used for very large or very small numbers.
• 3x108 300,000,000
• 3x10-8 .00000003
• 3 coefficent
• 8 or -8 exponent

Try Scientific Notation
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Adding and Subtracting

• When adding and subtracting scientific notation,
  you MUST have the same exponent.
• 1.00 x 103 1.00 x 102

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Adding and Subtracting

• Express all numbers with the highest power of
  ten.
• 1.00 x 103 .100 x 103 1.10 x 103

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Multiplication

• Rules for Multiplication in Scientific Notation
• 1) Multiply the coefficients
• 2) Add the exponents (base 10 remains)
• Example (3 x 104)(2x 105) 6 x 109

32
Division

• Rules for Division in Scientific Notation
• 1) Divide the coefficients
• 2) Subtract the exponents (base 10 remains)
• Example (6 x 106) / (2 x 103) 3 x 103

33
Quick Review

• How are scientific laws affected by new
  scientific theories?
• Clue What is a scientific law? What is a
  scientific theory?

34
Quick Review

• List and explain the steps of the scientific
  method.

35
Measurement

• SI Units International System of Units (based on
  7 metric units)
• Requires both a number and unit

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SI Units

• Length meter (m)
• Mass kilogram (kg)
• Volume liter (L)
• Weight Newton (N)

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SI Units

• Temperature Kelvin (K)
• Time seconds (s)
• Energy Joule (J)

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Metric Prefix

• Indicates how many times a unit should be
  multiplied or divided by 10

39
Prefix Symbol Multiply By
40
Conversion Factor

• Easiest way to convert from one unit of
  measurement to another
• Ratio of equivalent measurements that is used to
  convert a quantity of an expressed unit to
  another unit

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Conversion Factor

• 12 Eggs___
• 1 dozen
• 1km___
• 1000 m

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Conversion Factors

• Want to convert 8848 meters to km
• factor Start with the unit and value given
• Multiply by the conversion factor
• Unit you are converting to
• Unit you want to cancel out

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Conversion Factors

• Starting with 8848 meters
• Conversion factor 1km___
• 1000m
• 8848m x 1km____ 8.848 km
• 1000m

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Limits of Measurement

• Precision is a gauge of how exact a measurement
  is.

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Limits of Measurement

• Significant figures are all the digits that are
  known in a measurement plus the last digit that
  is estimated.

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Quick Question

• Why do scientists use significant figures?

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Limitations of Measurement

• Accuracy is the closeness of a measurement to the
  actual value of what is being measured.

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Limitations of Measurement

• Thermometer is an instrument used to measure
  temperature
• List 2 reasons that your thermometer reading may
  not be accurate.

49
Warm-up

• List your own example of accuracy.
• List your own example of precision.
• What is the difference between accuracy and
  precision?

50
Line Graph

• A line graph is useful for showing changes that
  occur in related variables.
• The manipulated variable is plotted on the x-axis
  and the responding variable is plotted on the
  y-axis.

R E S P O N D I N G
Manipulated Variable
51
Proportions

• Direct Proportion
• is a relationship in which the ratio of two
  variables is constant.
• On a line graph the plot is represented by a line
  with a constant slope.
• Sloperise/run

52
Quick Questions

• List an example of a direct proportion
• Make a line graph depicting a direct proportion

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Proportions

• Inverse Proportion is a relationship in which the
  product of two variables is a constant.
• An a line graph the plot is represented by a
  curved line.

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Inverse Proportion.
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Quick Question

• List an example of an indirect proportion
• Make a graph depicting an indirect proportion

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Bar Graph

• A bar graph is used to compare a set of
  measurements, amounts, or changes.

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Quick Question

• List an example of when you would use a bar
  graph.
• Design your own bar graph.

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Circle or Pie Graph

• A circle graph is a divided circle that shows how
  a part or share of something relates to the
  whole.
• Percentage of the whole.

59
Quick Question

• List an example of when you would use a bar
  graph.
• Design your own circle/pie graph.

60
Peer Review

• A Peer Review is a process in which scientists
  examine other scientists work.
• Peer review encourages comments, suggestions,
  questions, and criticism from other scientists.