Objective 5TAKS 10th and 11th grades Home slide

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Objective 5TAKS 10th and 11th grades Home
slide
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Questions from TAKS regarding force and motion
Questions from TAKS regarding waves
Questions from TAKS regarding energy
transformations
Questions from TAKS about CIRCUITS
Interactive non-TAKS quizzes on the internet
Link to 10th grade study guide Scroll to p.307
for objective 5
Link to 11th grade study guide Scroll to p.366
for objective 5
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Force and Motion
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• Speed
• Force, Work, Power
• Newtons laws
• Momentum, Acceleration
• Machines, Efficiency

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Speed
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An ant crawled from Point A to Point B in 4.0
seconds. To the nearest tenth, what was the ants
speed in centimeters per second? Record and
bubble in your answer on the answer document.
4cm 4 s 1 cm/s
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The picture shows the position of a ball every
0.25 second on a photogram. Using a ruler,
determine the velocity of the ball. F 3.5 cm/s G
10.5 cm/s H 14.0 cm/s J 28.0 cm/s
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Speedvelocity distance time
3.5 .25
3.5 cm
The ruler from your formula chart
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A cold front moves from Abilene to College
Station in 6.0 hours. What is its average speed
in km/h? F 0.018 km/h G 16 km/h H 58 km/h J 67
km/h
200
400 km 6 hours 67 km/h
200
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Speed distance/time Known speed 1000/3
333.33 333.33 unknown distance 8.4 333.33 x
8.4 unknown distance
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Observing an approaching thunderstorm and using a
stopwatch, a student finds that it takes 8.40
seconds for thunder to be heard after a lightning
bolt strikes. The student has learned that it
takes 3.0 seconds for sound to travel 1000 m. How
far away is the storm? F 119 m G 185 m H 2800 m J
8400 m
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12 8 1.5
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15 9 1.67
14 12 1.16
11 15 .73
The diagram represents the total travel of a
teacher on a Saturday. Which part of the trip is
made at the greatest average speed? F Q G R H S J
T
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8000 8.5
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A car traveled 150 km in 2.5 hours. What was its
average speed in km per hour? Record and bubble
in your answer on the answer document.
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Speed distance time 150
2.5 60 km/h
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Force/ Work/ Power
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The frog leaps from its resting position at the
lakes bank onto a lily pad. If the frog has a
mass of 0.5 kg and the acceleration of the leap
is 3 m/s2, what is the force the frog exerts on
the lakes bank when leaping? A 0.2 N B 0.8 N C
1.5 N D 6.0 N
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Force mass x acceleration Force .5 x 3
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How much work is performed when a 50 kg crate is
pushed 15 m with a force of 20 N? F 300 J H
1,000 J G 750 J J 15,000 J
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Work force x distance ? 20 x 15
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The table shows times required for the same toy
car to travel 10 m across an identical section of
a floor after it is pushed. The difference in
times was probably caused by differences in A
force exerted B surface friction C air
resistance D car mass
It is hard to duplicate your muscle force
exactly,
with each trial.
These 3 variables remained constant each time.
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Which lever would require the least force to lift
a box with a mass of 10 kilograms?
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How much force is needed to accelerate a 1,300 kg
car at a rate of 1.5 m/s 2? F 867 N G 1,950 N H
8,493 N J 16,562 N
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Force mass x acceleration Force 1,300 x 1.5
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• A mechanic used a hydraulic lift to raise a
• 12,054 N car 1.89 m above the floor of a
• garage. It took 4.75 s to raise the car. What
• was the power output of the lift?
• A 489 W
• B 1815 W
• C 4796 W
• D 30,294 W

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Power work / time
Work force x distance
Power (force x distance) / time
Power 12054 x 1.89 / 4.75
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If a force of 100 newtons was exerted on an
object and no work was done, the object must have
A accelerated rapidly B remained motionless C
decreased its velocity D gained momentum
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Work is force times distance. No work means
either force or distance are missing.
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The weight lifter used a force of 980 N to raise
the barbell over her head in 5.21 seconds.
Approximately how much work did she do in raising
the barbell? F 380 J H 2,000 J G 982 J
J 10,000 J
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Dont need time for work.
Work Force X distance ? 980 X 2.04
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Newtons Laws
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If she releases it forward, Newtons law says
that she will move in the opposite direction.
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The illustration above shows a student about to
throw a ball while standing on a skateboard.
Which illustration below correctly shows the
skateboards direction of motion after the
student releases the ball?
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• After shooting a cannonball, a cannon recoils
  with a much lower velocity than the cannonball.
  This is primarily because, compared to the
  cannonball, the cannon has a
• F much greater mass
• G smaller amount of momentum
• H greater kinetic energy
• J smaller force applied to it

Newtons lawfor every action there is an equal
and opposite reaction.
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Which of these is the best description of the
action-reaction force pair when the space shuttle
lifts off from the launch pad? A The ground
pushes the rocket up while exhaust gases push
down on the ground. B Exhaust gases push down on
air while the air pushes up on the rocket. C The
rocket pushes exhaust gases down while the
exhaust gases push the rocket up. D Gravity pulls
the rocket exhaust down while friction pushes up
against the atmosphere.
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• Which factor would most likely cause a
• communications satellite orbiting Earth to return
  to Earth from its orbit?
• F An increase in the satellites forward momentum
• G An increase in solar energy striking the
  satellite
• H A decrease in the satellites size
• J A decrease in the satellites velocity

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If the speed (velocity) of the satellite
decreases, the earths gravity will win and
pull it down.
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Momentum/Acceleration
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A ball moving at 30 m/s has a momentum of 15
kgm/s. The mass of the ball is A 45 kg B 15
kg C 2.0 kg D 0.5 kg
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Distance/time
Given velocity or speed
momentum Unknown mass
Momentum velocity mass 15 30
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Which bike rider has the greatest momentum? A A
40 kg person riding at 45 km/h B A 50 kg person
riding at 35 km/h C A 60 kg person riding at 25
km/h D A 70 kg person riding at 15 km/h
40 x 45 1800 50 x 35 1750 60 x 25 1500 70 x
15 1050
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1 m per 1 sec
He was staying still for a while.
2 m per 1 sec

• According to this graph, what was the bicycles
  acceleration between 6 and 10 seconds?
• A 0.0 m/s 2
• B 0.65 m/s 2
• C 1.6 m/s 2
• D 6.5 m/s 2

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A catapult was designed to project a small metal
ball at a target. The resulting data are shown in
the table. Which of these might explain the
difference between the calculated and actual
distances? A The ball landed short of the
calculated distance because of an increase in
momentum. B Air resistance caused the ball to
land short of the calculated distance. C Initial
mass of the ball changed with each trial. D The
metal ball was too small for accurate
measurements to be made.
Air resistance slows anything down.
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• How many newtons of force does a 50.0 kg
• deer exert on the ground because of gravity?
  Record and bubble in your answer on the answer
  document.

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Force mass x acceleration of gravity
50 kg x 9.8
490
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What is the potential energy of the rock? A
59,900 joules B 64,600 joules C 93,100 joules D
121,600 joules
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Mass x accel..gravity x height 95 X 9.8 X
100
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Objects of the same mass but of different sizes
and shapes were dropped from a given height.
Their rates of free fall were measured and
recorded. Which of the following is most likely
the question this experiment was designed to
answer? F How does height affect the force of
gravity? G How does gravity affect objects of
different densities? H How do mass and weight
affect falling objects? J How do size and shape
affect an objects rate of free fall?
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All were dropped from a given height.
Density is not as important in freefall as wind
resistance and Bernoulli's Principle
Mass is constant through the universe. Weight
depends on gravity of the planet youre on.
Objects were same mass, but different sizes and
shapes which could include objects with different
kinds of wind resistance and Bernoulli's
Principle.
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In a movie, meteoroids make several microscopic
holes in a pressurized cabin in the weightless
environment of a spaceship. The astronauts search
for the holes by spraying water droplets from a
container. If this were an actual situation, what
effect should be expected? F The drifting water
droplets float to the location of the holes. G
After falling to the floor, the water forms a
stream leading to the holes. H The water droplets
form a large sphere of water that moves away from
the holes. J Pumping the trigger on the spray
container increases the air pressure in the cabin.
http//lessons.harveyproject.org/development/gener
al/diffusion/diffnomemb/diffnomemb.html The
sprayed water will go from high concentration in
the pressurized cabin to the place of no
moleculesvacuum of space.
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Machines/Efficiency
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Which lever arrangement requires the least effort
force to raise a 500 N resistance?
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E ?
E ?
R 500
R 500
E ?
E ?
R 500
R 500
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• What is the efficiency of an air conditioner if
• there is a work input of 320 J and a work
• output of 80 J?
• F 4
• G 25
• H 240
• J 400

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80 / 320 x 100
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The diagram shows an electric motor lifting a 6 N
block a distance of 3 m. The total amount of
electrical energy used by the motor is 30 J.
How much energy does the motor convert to
heat? F 9 J G 12 J H 18 J J 21 J
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Joules means work. 30 J is the real work.
Force x distance is the ideal work.
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Real work ideal work friction..heat
30 - 18 12 joules of heat
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The diagram shows an electric motor lifting a 6 N
block a distance of 3 m. The total amount of
electrical energy used by the motor is 30 J.
How much energy does the motor convert to
heat? F 9 J G 12 J H 18 J J 21 J
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Waves
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• Waves in general
• Polarization
• Reflection, refraction
• Interference, resonance

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Which illustration best demonstrates compression
waves?
Transverse Compression Both Transverse and
Compression Not applicable
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.5 seconds
Put twice the waves in .5 seconds means each
wavelength would be ½ of 1.25 cm. 1.25cm .5
.625 cm
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A solar heater uses energy from the sun to heat
water. The heaters panel is painted black to
F improve emission of infrared radiation G
reduce the heat loss by convection currents H
improve absorption of infrared radiation J reduce
the heaters conducting properties
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At 0C sound travels through air at a speed of
330 m/s. If a sound wave is produced with a
wavelength of 0.10 m, what is the waves
frequency? F 0.0033 Hz G 33 Hz H 330 Hz J 3300 Hz
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Velocity frequency X wavelength 330 ? X
0.10 330 0.10 ? X 0.10 0.10 330
0.10 frequency
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• Which wave has the greatest velocity?

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1 x 2
2 x 8
3 x 3
4 x 1
Velocity frequency times wavelength
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• This graph shows the absorption spectrum for a
  certain pigment molecule. To a human, this
  pigment would most likely appear
• A blue
• B green
• C yellow
• D orange

Whatever is not absorbed, is reflected. Our eyes
see the reflected light.
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• When trying to spear a fish in water, a person
• needs to take into account the way light bends
• as it moves from water into air. The bending of
• light as it passes from one medium into
• another is known as
• F reflection
• G refraction
• H diffraction
• J polarization

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Diffraction is when the light waves seem to bend
and spread out
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The pitch of a sound made by plucking a guitar
string is determined by the A frequency of
the vibration
produced B strength of the plucking force C
distance between the strings D shape of the
guitar body
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vibrations per second
Affects amplitude (loud/soft.)
Distance between strings enables better finger
agility.
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Affects acoustics or echoing or resonance.
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One tuning fork is struck and placed next to an
identical fork. The two forks do not touch. The
second tuning fork starts to vibrate because of
F interference G the Doppler effect H
resonance J standing waves
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Interference
Set the tuning forks side by side. Strike one to
start it vibrating, then stop it with your hand.
The fork that you did not strike will be
resonating.  
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Circuits
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Which circuit is built so that if one lightbulb
goes out, the other three lightbulbs will
continue to glow?
If this one goes out
The others go out.
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The other three bulbs will continue to glow. This
is a parallel circuit. F, G, H above are series
circuits.
If this one goes out
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Which switch, if opened, will cause the light
bulb to stop glowing? F Q G R H S J T
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If R was opened/off, the electricity would still
go through S to the bulb.
If T was opened/off, the electricity would still
go through S to the bulb.
If S was opened/off, the electricity would still
go through R and T to the bulb.
If Q was opened/off, the electricity would NOT
make it to the bulb.
Battery
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How much current is flowing through
this circuit? A 0.32 A B 3.1 A C 4.0 A D 12.5 A
Current 4 12.5
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What is the current in a copper wire that has a
resistance of 2 ohms and is connected to a 9-volt
electrical source? F 0.22 amp G 4.5 amps H 11.0
amps J 18.0 amps
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Current (frequency)
Frequency voltage resistance(ohms)
? 9 2
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Energytransformation
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conservation of energy convection, conduction,
and radiation energy sources
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Assuming the chart contains all energy
transformations in the Earth system, how much
solar radiation goes toward evaporating water? F
40,000 terajoules G 92,410 terajoules H 121,410
terajoules J 133,410 terajoules
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Add these together
And subtract from the whole
173,410 133,410
133,410
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Which process best shows the conversion of solar
energy to chemical energy? F Prevailing winds
causing windmills to spin G Green plants
making their own food H Uranium producing
heat to make steam J Tides generating
electricity
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Plants use the sun more efficiently than
anything known to mankind.
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Which of the following is an example of solar
energy being converted into chemical energy? F
Plants producing sugar during the day G Water
evaporating and condensing in the water cycle H
The sun unevenly heating Earths surface J Lava
erupting from volcanoes for many days
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Sugar is chemical energy. It has calories and
joules.
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An inventor claims to have created an internal
combustion engine that converts 100 kJ of
chemical energy from diesel fuel to 140 kJ of
mechanical energy. This claim violates the law of
conservation of F momentum G inertia H
energy J mass
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chemical energy mechanical energy heat
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Energy 2 x 2 x 4.184
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This experiment probably was set up to determine
A how much mechanical energy the
battery produces B the pH of water during
electrolysis C the pressure created by an
electric current D how much energy is
converted to heat
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A thermometer
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Small change.
Larger change.

• Container P and Container Q each were filled with
  0.5 liter of water. The water was heated to 90C.
  The table shows the temperatures after both
  containers were allowed to cool for 3 minutes.
  Compared to Container Q, Container P is a better
  
• A conductor
• B absorber
• C radiator
• D insulator

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The energy not stored in the bonds of the carbon
dioxide and water must have left in the form of
heat.
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Reactants Products
Why is the sum of the products energy in this
reaction less than the sum of the reactants
energy? A Energy is given off as heat. B The
products absorb available energy. C Energy is
trapped in the reactants. D The reactants energy
is less than the melting point of glucose.
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After
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The illustrations show a conservation-of-mass expe
riment. The solution in the beaker lost mass
because F materials have less mass at high
temperatures G the mass of the reactants and
products was less than 100 g H sodium sulfate
(Na2SO4) is lighter than air J some of the water
molecules turned into gas
Before
Some of the water evaporated because of the heat.
Before(100 g)
After( less than 100 g)
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REACTANTS ?Products The sum of the reactants
the sum of the products.
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An inventor claims to have created an internal
combustion engine that converts 100 kJ of
chemical energy from diesel fuel to 140 kJ of
mechanical energy. This claim violates the law of
conservation of F momentum G inertia H
energy J mass
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chemical energy mechanical energy heat
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Batteries and fuel cells change chemical energy
into electrical energy.
Fuel cells powered by plankton from the seabed
can be used to operate instruments that monitor
ocean currents and water temperature. These fuel
cells get their energy by converting F chemical
energy to electrical energy G electrical energy
to mechanical energy H hydroelectric energy to
geothermal energy J mechanical energy to chemical
energy
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Heat convection occurs in gases and liquids. Heat
convection does not occur in solids because
solids are unable to A absorb heat by
vibrating B transfer heat by fluid motion C emit
radiation by reflecting light D exchange heat by
direct contact
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The moons surface becomes hot during the long
lunar day because the sun transfers heat to the
moon. This heat transfer is accomplished almost
entirely through the process of F convection G
refraction H conduction J radiation
The space between planets has no elements in
it and is therefore called a vacuum. Only
radiation can travel through a vacuum. Convection
and conduction use atoms to transfer energy.
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In which container is the substance unable to
transfer heat by convection?
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Gases and liquid can convect.
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The primary way liquids and gases transmit heat
is by the process of F reflection G
conduction H radiation J convection
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Gases and liquid can convect.
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Rule Conduction solids Convection liquids
and gases Radiation doesnt need matter at
all Compression does not apply to this
question.
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A man who was sleeping wakes up because he hears
the smoke alarm go off in his house. Before
opening the bedroom door, the man feels the door
to see whether it is warm. He is assuming that
heat would be transferred through the door by A
conduction B convection C radiation D compression
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Batteries and fuel cells change chemical energy
into electrical energy.
Fuel cells powered by plankton from the seabed
can be used to operate instruments that monitor
ocean currents and water temperature. These fuel
cells get their energy by converting F chemical
energy to electrical energy G electrical energy
to mechanical energy H hydroelectric energy to
geothermal energy J mechanical energy to chemical
energy
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• Battery-powered cars produce less air pollution
  than gasoline-powered cars. However, one
  environmental concern of using battery-powered
  cars is that batteries
• A are heavier than gasoline engines
• B waste more energy than gasoline engines
• C contain toxic substances that are difficult to
  dispose of
• D produce direct current rather than alternating
  current

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In West Texas and Southern California, high winds
drive turbines that generate electricity. One
advantage that wind energy has over energy
generated from solar cells is that wind energy
A is plentiful everywhere B can be generated at
night C produces cleaner energy D is free of
environmental hazards
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