Term

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Term
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Term (restated)

• Definition of the word
• Application or Example

VISUAL To represent the idea
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Rule of Law
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Rule of Law

• No one is above the law
• Magna Carta-The Great Charter forced King John to
  submit to the law and succeeded in putting limits
  on feudal fees and duties.

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Common Good
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Common Good

• Good for all, the advantage or benefit of
  everyone
• The political decision that is the best for the
  greatest number of people.

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Eminent Domain
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Eminent Domain

• The right of a government to seize private
  property for public use, in exchange for payment
  of fair market value
• When the government needs to build a road they
  have to buy the property from the people, at a
  fair price, in order to build the road.

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Marshall Law
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Martial Law

• When the military takes control of normal
  administration of justice.
• After WWII Germany and Japan were under martial
  law or the southern US after the Civil War during
  Reconstruction.
• Martial law can also be a bad thing when there is
  a military coup and the military overthrows the
  government.

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Civil Rights
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Civil Rights

• Rights given to the people by the government.
  Many times these are also human or natural
  rights.
• Rights to personal liberty established by the
  13th and 14th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution
  and certain Congressional acts

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Free Enterprise
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Free Enterprise

• The freedom of private businesses to operate
  competitively for profit with minimal government
  regulation.

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Regulatory Agencies
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Regulatory Agencies

• independent governmental commission established
  by legislative act in order to set standards in a
  specific field of activity, or operations, in the
  private sector of the economy and to then enforce
  those standards. Regulatory agencies function
  outside executive supervision.
• A government organization that monitors companies
  operating in a regulated industry

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Supremacy Clause
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Supremacy Clause

• Clause in the constitution that says that
  whenever there is a dispute between a state and
  federal law the federal government wins.
• The Constitution is the supreme law of the land!

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Expressed Constitutional Power
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Expressed Constitutional Power

• Power of the president that is specifically
  written in the Constitution.
• The presidents power to appoint an ambassador.
  The power of congress to coin money.

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Reserved Constitutional Power
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Reserved Constitutional Power

• Powers given to the states that are not
  specifically granted to the federal government in
  the US Constitution.
• Education, health, welfare, taxes all of these
  should be controlled by the states.

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Concurrent Constitutional Powers
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Concurrent Constitutional Powers

• Powers granted to the national government by the
  Constitution, but not denied to the states.
• The right to lay and collect taxes.

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Implied Constitutional Powers
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Implied Constitutional Powers

• These are constitutional powers that are not
  specifically written in the constitution but they
  are implied.
• Many concurrent powers (powers that both the
  state and national government share) are implied
  powers.

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Prohibited Constitutional Powers
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Prohibited Constitutional Powers

• Powers prohibited to the states in the
  constitution.
• No state shall make their own money or make any
  sort of treaty.

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Federal Budget Process
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Federal Budget Process

• Both the House and the Senate decide how the
  money will be spent but all finance bills must
  originate in the House. The president starts the
  whole process by submitting a budget request.
• If both houses do not pass the budget and/ or the
  presidents doesnt sign the budget the government
  can shut down.
• Visual on next slide!!!

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Social Security
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Social Security

• A system for providing pensions for many
  Americans age 65 and older. Started during the
  New Deal under FDR.
• Older workers did not have to worry about being
  homeless once they became to old.

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Checks and Balances
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Checks and Balances

• A system established by the constitution that
  prevents any branch of government from becoming
  to powerful
• Judicial review- the supreme courts reviews a
  law to see a law is constitutional or not

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Alf Landon
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Alf Landon

• Was an American Republican Politian, who served
  as Governor of Kansas from 1933-37. He was a
  Republican Presidential Nominee, who was defeated
  in a landslide by Franklin D. Roosevelt in the
  1936 presidential election.

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New Deal
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New Deal

• A sequence of programs and promises Franklin D.
  Roosevelt made with the goal of giving reform to
  the people and economy of the United States
  during the Great Depression.
• CCC, WPA, and Bank Holiday

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Progressive Era
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Progressive Era

• Era of reform movements that focused on urban
  problems at the turn of the century.
• Examples- poor sanitation, corrupt political
  machines, workers rights, election reform,
  education for all, womens suffrage.

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Election Reforms
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Election Reforms

• 17th Amendment direct election of senators.
• Initiative voters propose laws
• Referendum voters can approve laws
• Recall voters can remove elected officials.

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Working Condition Reforms
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Working Condition Reforms

• Muckrakers get the ball rolling at the turn of
  the century
• Minimum wage
• Union rights
• Safe working conditions
• Workers Comp.

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Muckrakers
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Muckrakers

• A term coined for journalists who exposed
  corruption and problems in society.
• Upton Sinclair THE JUNGLE

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Temperance
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Temperance

• Restraint in the use of or abstinence from
  alcoholic liquors.
• Resulted in the 18th Amendment

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Modern v. Tradition1920s
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Modern v. Tradition1920s
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Republic
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Republic

• A state in which the supreme power rests in the
  body of citizens entitled to vote and is
  exercised by representatives chosen directly or
  indirectly by them.

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Democracy
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Democracy

• A system of government in which ultimate
  political authority is vested in the people.
• Usually done with voting.
• True democracy can only happen in small population

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Constitutional Monarchy
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Constitutional Monarchy

• A monarchy in which the powers of the ruler are
  restricted to those granted under the
  constitution and laws of the nation.
• Great Britain is an example the queen only has
  superficial power.

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Parliamentary Democracy
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Parliamentary Democracy

• A democracy that has a parliament and a prime
  minister

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Capitalism
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Capitalism

• An economic system in which the means of
  production and distribution are privately or
  corporately owned and development is
  proportionate to the accumulation and
  reinvestment of profits gained in a free market.
  
• Opposite of Communism
• Adam Smith

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Fascism
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Fascism

• A governmental system led by a dictator having
  complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition
  and criticism, regimenting all industry,
  commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive
  nationalism and often racism.
• Nazi Germany, Italy under Mussolini

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Communism/ Socialism
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Communism/ Socialism

• A theory or system of social organization based
  on the holding of all property in common, actual
  ownership being ascribed to the community as a
  whole or to the state.
• No Private Property
• USSR and China

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Tribal Government
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Tribal Government

• Native American government on reservations.

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GDP (per capital)
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GDP (per capital)

• The total market value of all the goods and
  services produced within the borders of a nation
  during a specified period.

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Traditional Economy
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Traditional Economy

• An economic system in which resources are
  allocated by inheritance, and which has a strong
  social network
• Who you know and your last name matter more than
  how hard you work or how smart you are.

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Market Economy
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Market Economy

• An economy that operates by voluntary exchange in
  a free market and is not planned or controlled by
  a central authority a capitalistic economy.
• Buying and selling goods in the market place.

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Mixed Economy
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Mixed Economy

• An economic system that allows for the
  simultaneous operation of publicly and privately
  owned enterprises.

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Demand Economy
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Demand Economy

• Government decides how much to produce, who will
  produce it and how much it will cost.
• Communism or Socialism

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Supply and Demand
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Supply and Demand

• Demand means the quantity of a given article
  which would be taken at a given price.
• Supply means the quantity of that article which
  could be had at that price.
• Supply rises price goes down Demand rises
  prices goes up!

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Equilibrium Price
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Equilibrium Price

• The price at which the quantity of a product
  offered is equal to the quantity of the product
  in demand.
• The perfect price to balance supply and demand

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Surplus Shortages
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Surplus Shortages

• Surplus too much of a good and price will go
  down.
• Shortage not enough of a good and the price
  will ussually rise.

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Comparative Advantage
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Comparative Advantage

• Concept that a country should specialize in
  producing and exporting only those goods and
  services which it can produce more efficiently
  than other goods and services.
• China has a comparative advantage for producing
  sweatshirts because they have the raw materials
  and a surplus of low wage workers.

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Opportunity Cost
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Opportunity Cost

• the cost of making an investment that is the
  difference between the return on one investment
  and the return on an alternative
• The cost of buying a new car is more than just
  the money it the cost of not buying a new hot
  tub.

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GATT
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GATT

• A United Nations agency created by a
  multinational treaty to promote trade by the
  reduction of tariffs and import quotas.

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NAFTA
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NAFTA

• An agreement for free trade between the United
  States and Canada and Mexico
• North American Free Trade Agreement.

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Productive Resources
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Productive Resources

• The factors of production
• The resources to produce goods and services.

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Government Policy
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Government Policy
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Anti-trust Laws
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Anti-trust Laws

• Federal and state statutes designed to promote
  competition among businesses.
• No monopolies, fair trade no secrets!

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Farm Subsidies
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Farm Subsidies

• A farm subsidy is a form of support, usually
  money, given by a government to a farmer.
• Money given to farmers to grow something else
  that the market needs or to not grow something so
  the price will not fall!

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Industrial Revolution
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Industrial Revolution

• Rapid development of industry in the early 19th
  century through the introduction of machines as
  work became concentrated in factories, industrial
  towns grew around them.
• Textile Mills in NE America

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Adam Smith
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Adam Smith

• Considered the founding father of economics, Adam
  Smith wrote The Wealth of Nations, published in
  1776.
• Capitailism

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Malthus Ricardo
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Malthus Ricardo

• Malthus says that population is going to outgrow
  the food supply
• Ricardo is an economic philosopher who became
  very rich through his investments

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Karl Marx
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Karl Marx

• Father of communism
• Thought that capitalism would produce internal
  tensions and lead to destruction.

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Utopian Socialists
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Utopian Socialists

• Communities based on the principles that man kind
  can achieve ideal systems for living together.
• Perfection!

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Rise of the Working Class
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Rise of the Working Class

• More job opportunities were opening up.
• More women were getting jobs.
• Turn of the Century
• Unions increase workers power.

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Suffrage Movement
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Suffrage Movement

• Women gained the right to vote, being treated
  more equal to men.
• Started by Susan B. Anthony
• Alice Paul and Lucy Burns were other leaders
• Women gained right to vote in Uk before US

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Shakespeare
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Shakespeare

• Playwright from the 1600s
• Regarded as the greatest writer in English
  history.

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Platos Republic
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Platos Republic

• Play written in Ancient Greece by the great
  philosopher Plato who was a student of Socrates
• Encouraged people to seek the TRUTH
• Allegory of the Cave

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Aristotles Forms of government
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Aristotles Forms of government

• Democracy
• Rule by the people (who own property and who are
  educated)

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Pericles
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Pericles

• Pericles was an influential and important leader
  of Athens during the Athenian Golden Age
• He was responsible for a great many building
  projects which include most of the surviving
  structures on the Acropolis.

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Thucydides
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Thucydides

• Ancient Greek historian
• Thucydides has been regarded as the father of
  "scientific history"

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Renaissance
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Renaissance

• The revival of learning and culture in Europe
  during the 14th- 17th Centuries
• Great artist and thinkers.
• Di Vinci
• Michelangelo

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Petrarch Machiavelli
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Petrarch Machiavelli

• Petrarch was an Italian scholar, poet, and one
  of the earliest Renaissance humanists.
• Machiavelli was a Italian diplomat, musician,
  playwright. Key figure of
  the Italian
  Renaissance.

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Michelangelo Di Vinci
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Michelangelo

• Michelangelo was an Italian Renaissance, painter,
  sculptor, architect and poet.
• Typical Renaissance man.

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Raphael
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Raphael

• Italian painter, and architect of the high
  renaissance.

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Christianity
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Christianity

• A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices
  based on the Old Testament and the teachings of
  Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and
  emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

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Hinduism
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Hinduism

• The world's third-largest religion.
• Most Hindus recognize a single deity and view
  other gods and goddesses as manifestations of
  that supreme god
• Practiced in India

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Buddhism
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Buddhism

• World religion based on the spiritual teachings
  of Siddhartha Gautama Buddha.
• People can reach Nirvana through meditation and
  following the 8 Fold path.
• Began in India and spread through Asia over 2000
  years ago.

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Taoism (Daoism)
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Taoism (Daoism)

• Philosophical system developed by Lao-tzu and
  Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and
  noninterference with the course of natural events
  
• Started in China
• Connection with Nature

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Confucianism
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Confucianism

• The teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for
  humanity high value given to learning and to
  devotion to family, peace, justice, influenced
  the traditional culture of China
• Focus on 5 relationship of people
• Ruler and the ruled
• Parent and Child
• Man and Wife
• Older Sibling and Younger Sibling
• Friend and Friend

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Enlightenment
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Enlightenment

• It is an age of optimism, tempered by the
  realistic recognition of the sad state of the
  human condition and the need for major reforms.
• Europeans learn how to think!

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EnlightenmentLocke
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EnlightenmentLocke

• Regarded as one of the most influential
  enlightenment thinkers.
• His enlightenment ideas were influenced in the
  writing of the declaration of independence.
• Life, Liberty and the right to own property!

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EnlightenmentVoltaire
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EnlightenmentVoltaire

• A French enlightenment writer, philosopher.
• Out spoken supporter of social reform

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EnlightenmentMontesquieu
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EnlightenmentMontesquieu

• For his articulation of the theory of separation
  of powers.

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EnlightenmentRousseau
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EnlightenmentRousseau

• His enlightenment ideas and political philosophy
  influenced the French Revolution.
• Human Rights

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EnlightenmentWollstonecraft
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EnlightenmentWollstonecraft

• English Woman Philosopher
• Said that women were NOT naturally inferior to
  men
• Mother of Mary Shelly author of Frankenstein

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EnlightenmentNewton
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EnlightenmentSir Issac Newton

• Newton influenced the principles of conservation
  and momentum and angular momentum.
• Gravity

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Enlightenment Divine Clock Maker
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EnlightenmentDivine Clock Maker

• The idea that was embraced by Jefferson and many
  other enlightenment thinkers
• God started the world but then she just let the
  clock run.
• Says that God is not involved in our everyday
  life.

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Ancient Greeks
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Ancient Greeks

• Ancient Greeks have immensely influenced politics
  (democracy), philosophy

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Location of Suez Canal
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Location of Suez Canal

• One of the most important waterways in the world,
  
• The Suez Canal runs north to south across the
  Isthmus of Suez in northeastern Egypt.
• Connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea

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Location of The Nile River
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Location of The Nile River

• The Nile is located in Northern Africa and runs
  through Egypt.
• Stretches 3470 miles and is the longest river in
  the world.

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Location ofThe Black Sea
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Location ofThe Black Sea

• Located in Eastern Europe. It is not directly
  connected to the Atlantic Ocean, but is connected
  to it through the Bosphorus Channel. It is a land
  locked sea being surrounded by Russia, Ukraine,
  Maldova, Romania, Bulgaria, and Turkey.
• Connects to the Mediterranean by the city of
  Istanbul in Turkey.

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Location of Sahel
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Location of Sahel

• The Sahel is a semi-arid tropical savanna
  eco-region in Africa, which forms the transition
  between the Sahara desert to the north and the
  more fertile region to the south.

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Desertification
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Desertification

• The process of becoming a desert
• As from land mismanagement or climate change

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Earthquakes on the ring of fire
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Earthquakes on the ring of fire

• Belt-like region, roughly surrounding the Pacific
  Ocean, characterized by frequent volcanic and
  earthquake activity caused by the colliding of
  moving tectonic plates

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Soil Degradation
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Soil Degradation

• Negative process often accelerated by human
  activities that leads to deterioration of soil
  properties and functions or destruction of soil
  as a whole.
• Compaction, erosion, salinisation (salty soil).

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Plate Tectonics
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Plate Tectonics

• Geologic theory that the bending and breaking of
  the solid surface of the earth results from the
  slow movement of large sections of that surface.

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Climate Change
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Climate Change

• A significant change from one climatic condition
  to another.
• Can be due to human destruction or just natural
  changes.

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Free Trade Zones
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Free Trade Zones

• Special areas of a country where some normal
  trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas are
  eliminated in hopes of attracting new business
  and foreign investments.

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Cultural Diffusion
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Cultural Diffusion

• The spread of cultural item such as ideas,
  styles, religions, etc. between individuals,
  whether within a single culture or from one
  culture to another.

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Scopes Trial
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Scopes Trial

• American teacher who violated a state law by
  teaching the theory of evolution in a Tennessee
  high school.
• ACLU fought against William Jennings Bryan in
  this landmark case
• Teacher was found guilty and law stood until the
  1960s

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Urban v. Rural Life
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Urban v. Rural Life
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Prohibition
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Prohibition

• A ban on alcohol that became a law in 1920s, ban
  was lifted in 1933.
• 18th Amendment
• Led to the rise of organized crime and a lack of
  respect for the government

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Nativism
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Nativism

• The favoring of the interests of long-standing
  inhabitants of an area over those of newcomers.
• Turn of the century anti Irish and Eastern
  European immigrants
• Today Anti Mexican immigration

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Modernism
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Modernism

• Each new generation must build on past styles in
  new ways or break with the past in order to make
  the next major historical contribution.

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Harlem Renaissance
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Harlem Renaissance

• A blossoming of African American are and
  literature that began in the 1920s.
• Jazz Age
• Many great writers

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Social Security
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Social Security

• A system for providing pensions (salaries) for
  many Americans age 65 and older.
• Started during the New Deal Age.
• Helps out older people and also opens up new jobs
  for young people.

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Causes of the great Depression
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Causes of the great Depression

• Top 5 Causes
• Stock market crashed
• Bank failures
• Reduction of purchasing
• American Economic Policy with Europe
• Drought Conditions