Title: WEEE, RoHS, EuP, REACH, IPP
1WEEE, RoHS, EuP, REACH, IPP ISOTR14062
- Professor Martin Charter
- Director
- The Centre for Sustainable Design
- Martin Charter Associates
2Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Objectives
- The reduction of waste electrical and electronic
equipment - going to landfill
- To increase re-use, recycling and other forms of
recovery, and therefore help conserve the worlds
limited resources. - To improve the environmental performance of all
operators in the life cycle of electrical and
electronic products.
3Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Coverage
- Producer means all companies that sell in the EU
- manufacturing selling EEE under own brand
- companies reselling under own brand others
products - companies professionally importing or exporting
into the EU - first holder
- Includes distance selling, internet sales, etc
4Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Background
- Published February 2003
- Member States (MS) transposition by August 2004
- This is an Article 175 Directive which sets
minimum levels and means that WEEE will be
transposed differently in separate MS - Basic Requirements electronics producers to
establish and finance systems for the collection
and recycling of separately collected electronic
products from the 13th August 2005 . - Meet recovery and recycling targets according to
product category by the 31st December 2006 - The separation of hazardous components and
materials at end of life also by 31st December
2006
5Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Collection
- Member States must ensure that 4 kg of WEEE from
private households is collected on average per
inhabitant per year beginning December 31, 2006 - New collection targets will be set by Dec 31,
2008 based on the percentage of quantities of EEE
sold to private households in the preceding
years - Consumers can return WEEE free of charge
- Retailers must offer free take-back
- Business to Business commercial arrangements
6Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Financial Requirements
- Producers of all new products sold on the EU
market after August 13, 2005 will be financially
responsible for their own waste - Provide a financial guarantee for future
recycling - - Proof that in a collective system, OR
- - Recycling insurance, OR
- - Blocked bank account
7Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Historic/ Orphaned Products
-
- Existing producers are responsible
- By proportion of market share, by type of
equipment, when costs occur - Processed through a collective system.
8Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive UK Clearing House
- The Clearing House would possibly allocate each
collection to an individual or groups of
producers, who would have to collect their waste
within a set time for treatment.The producers
or their compliance organisations must contract
with treatment organisations for recycling and
reporting of data.
9Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive UK Clearing House
- Provide a free collection service, on demand
within a stipulated timescale, from a civic
amenity (CA) and retailer collection sites - Run and operated by producers not for profit
- Allocate WEEE direct to producers to arrange
treatment, recovery and recycling - Work with enforcement authorities
- Could hold register of producers, collect data on
products put onto the UK market
10Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Recovery and Recycling
- Recovery and recycling targets - 31st December
2006 - Recycling includes re-use of components, and
processing material and substances for use in
future products. - Recovery includes the recycling element plus
incineration for energy recovery and composting.
11Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Recovery/ Recycling Targets By
Product Category
- Product categories Recovery/recycling
targets - Large Household appliances 80/75
- Small household appliances 70/50
- IT and Telecommunications 75/65
- Consumer equipment 75/65
- Lighting equipment 70/50
- Electrical and electronic tools 70/50
- Toys, leisure sports 70/50
- Medical devices No targets yet
- Monitoring and control equipment 70/50
- Automatic dispensers 80/75
- Gas discharge lamps 80/80
12Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Treatment 1
- Producers must treat WEEE beginning 31st December
2006 - Pre-treatment by disassembly, shredding, recovery
or preparation for disposal of WEEE - Removal of all fluids and selective treatment
- Can be done on an individual or collective basis
- Third party organisations may be used
- Minimum quality, storage and treatment
requirements - Permits will be required to treat WEEE
- Treatment outside EU is possible
13Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Treatment 2
- Separation of hazardous components and
- materials at end of life including
- Asbestos waste and components containing asbestos
- Mercury containing components
- Batteries
- Printed circuit boards over 10 square cms (all
mobiles) - Toner cartridges, liquid and pasty as well as
colour - Cathode ray tubes (CRTs)
- Liquid crystal displays over 100 square cms
- Electrolyte capacitors
- Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) containing
capacitors - Plastics brominated flame retardants
- External electric cables
14Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Requirements on Producers
- Producers of all new products sold on the EU
market after August 13, 2005 must - Consider product content and design
- Provide information to users
- Mark the product with crossed-out dustbin and
possibly date
15Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Marking and Information
- Government proposes to meet the Directives
provisions by - Obligation on producers to meet the Directives
marking requirements (will take account of
CENELEC standard) - Obligation on producers to make available
information, on request, on scope for recycling
of their products - Obligation on retailer take-back organisation to
signpost consumer to local WEEE collection
16Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive Register ofProducers
- The WEEE Directive requires a register of
products - Government has proposed that registration be a
condition of placing electrical and electronic
equipment on the UK market - Aiming at light touch registration
- Register could be held by Clearing House
- Environment Agencies to enforce
17Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Background
- Published - February 2003
- Member States transposition by August 2004
- Lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBB,
and PBDE banned from 1st July 2006 - The producer is responsible for all costs
- This is an Article 95 Single Market Directive.
Non-compliance could result in products being
banned for sale within the EU until the offending
substance(s) is removed
18Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Scope
- All products in the WEEE Directive except medical
equipment and monitoring and control equipment - This Directive does not apply to spare parts for
the repair, or to the reuse, of electrical and
electronic equipment put on the market before 1
July 2006.
19Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Lead
- A threshold limit of 0.1 of homogeneous material
will be put on the use of lead (The definition of
homogeneous material has not yet been agreed) - Lead could be used in
- solder for electronics
- SMD pads
- protective covering for cables
- heat transfer medium
- batteries
- pigments
- corrosion inhibitors
- paints
- protection from X-rays
- alloy in steel, copper and other metals
- plastics
- ceramics.
20Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Lead Exemptions
- Lead in glass of cathode ray tubes, electronic
components and fluorescent tubes - Lead as an alloying element in steel containing
up to 0.35 lead by weight, aluminium containing
up to 0.4 lead by weight and as a copper alloy
containing up to 4 lead by weight - Lead in solders for servers, storage and storage
array systems (exemption granted until 2010) - Lead in solders for network infrastructure
equipment for switching, signalling, transmission
as well as network management for
telecommunication - Lead in electronic ceramic parts (e.g.
piezoelectronic devices)
21Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Cadmium
- A threshold limit of 0.01 of homogeneous
material will be put on the use of Cadmium - Cadmium could be used in
- steel and copper alloys.
- electroplating for steel cast iron,
- stabilisers in polymers,
- pigments in paints and plastics,
- batteries including Ni-Cd,
- solder including for aluminium,
- reactor control rods,
- catalysts
22Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Cadmium Exemptions
- Cadmium plating except for applications banned
under Directive 91/338/EEC amending Directive
76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on the
marketing and use of certain dangerous substances
and preparations - 91/338/EEC bans cadmium plating in the following
applications - Equipment and machinery for food production
agriculture, cooling and freezing, printing and
book-binding. Production of household goods,
furniture, sanitary ware, central heating and air
conditioning plant, paper and board, textiles and
clothing - Industrial handling equipment and machinery, road
and agricultural vehicles, rolling stock, and
vessels. Exemptions for safety critical
applications/sectors including electrical
contacts in any sector of use, on account of the
reliability required of the apparatus on which
they are installed
23Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Mercury
- A threshold limit of 0.1 of homogeneous material
will be put on the use of Mercury - Mercury could be used in
- accumulators
- anti-fouling paints
- back lights for LCDs
- barometers
- batteries
- electrical switches
- electric rectifiers
- high density discharge lamps
- pyrometers
- thermostats.
24Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Mercury Exemptions
- Mercury in compact fluorescent lamps not
exceeding 5 mg per lamp - Mercury in straight fluorescent lamps for general
purposes not exceeding - halophosphate 10 mg
- triphosphate with normal lifetime 5 mg
- triphosphate with long lifetime 8 mg
- Mercury in straight fluorescent lamps for special
purposes - Mercury in other lamps not specifically mentioned
in this Annex
25Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Hexavalent Chromium
- A threshold limit of 0.1 of homogeneous material
will be put on the use of Hexavalent Chromium - Hexavalent Chromium could be used in
- electroplating plating of metals, (fasteners,
electronic components) - pigments
- plastics etchant for electroless plating,
- solderability preservatives
26Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive Hexavalent Chromium Exemptions
- Hexavalent chromium as an anti-corrosive in
carbon steel cooling systems in absorption
refrigerators.
27Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive PBBs
- A threshold limit of 0.1 of homogeneous material
will be put on the use of Polybrominated
Biphenyls (PBBs) - PBBs could be used in
- plastic components
- wiring
- vehicle (under bonnet) connectors
- housings
- textiles.
28Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
Directive PBDEs
- A threshold limit of 0.1 of homogeneous material
will be put on the use of Polybrominated Diphenyl
Ethers (PBDEs). - PBDEs could be used in
- plastic components
- textiles.
29Restriction of Hazardous Substances RoHS
Directive PBDEs Exemptions
- Penta and Octa - BDEs are included in the ban
- Deca - BDE is a undergoing separate risk
assessment. It will probably be exempted.
30Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive Background
- What is the EuP Directive?
- Since over 80 of all product-related
environmental impacts are determined during the
product design phase, integrating environmental
considerations early into the product development
process is the most effective way of reducing
their impact. This is what the EuP is trying to
address. - The EuP Directive attempts to set a common
framework under which this should be done for
energy using and producing products.
31Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive Scope
- EuP Directive applies to products dependent on
energy input and output by electricity, fossil
and renewable fuels. It includes parts intended
to be incorporated in the EuP - EuP Directive does not apply to products used for
transportation
32Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive Status
- The proposal has just passed the Committee stage
in the European Parliament. - European Parliament and the Council have been
rushing to complete work on adopting it before
the European Parliament elections and the
enlargement of the EU this year. - Proposal to change the focus from Article 95
(Single Market) to Article 175
33Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive Impact
- Orgalime Press Statement
- This is one of the most ambitious, complex and
far reaching pieces of legislation which our
industries have faced in the last twenty years - EuP will indeed establish a framework in an
area, which is at the core of the manufacturers
competence, namely the design of his product.
34Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive A
Framework Directive
- What is a Framework Directive?
- It sets guidelines and rules on how any new laws
on specific product(s) within the scope of the
Framework, called implementation legislation,
should be written. - The Framework Directive will focus on products
- - Large volume
- - Major environmental impacts
- - Areas for improvement
- Any implementation legislation can then be
introduced rapidly.
35Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive Ecological
Profile
- Companies will be required to produce an
Ecological Profile of a product. This consists
of two parts - Generic Eco-design Requirements Gives general
principles and criteria on how eco-design should
be applied during product launch. - Specific Eco-design Requirements Specific
limits/targets to be met.
36Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive Components
Sub-assemblies
- Suppliers of components and sub-assemblies will
have to supply the information to allow
manufacturers of energy using products (EuPs) to
build an ecological profile of their products. - This could result in suppliers having to provide
information on - Material composition
- Energy consumption and other resource use
- Environmental assessment related to their use and
end-of-life management.
37Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive Conformity
Assessment
- Every new product covered by the implementation
legislation will require a conformity assessment
carried out on it prior to market launch. - This assessment will have to be done under a
documented system called Internal Design
Control and available for inspection. - For manufacturers not established in the EU, it
is the responsibility of the person putting it on
the EU market to ensure the requirements are met.
38Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive Conclusions
- The text of the proposal states the Directive
should be - implemented by national governments by the 1st
July 2006. - Producers will need to include eco-design in
there product development process in order to
minimise their end-of-life treatment costs. It
therefore makes sense to take into account the
EuP Directive when doing this. - Lack of good data is major current and future
concern - Controlling Conformity Assessment of companies
with no presence in Europe will be a mammoth task
for importers.
39Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of
Chemicals (REACH) Background
- Legislation would be introduced to cover all
substances used in quantities above 1 ton per
year - All applicable existing substances to be tested
and registered 30,000 substances - Production volume greater than 1000 t by the end
of 2005 - Production volume greater than 100 t by the end
of 2008 - Production volume greater than 1 t by the end of
2012
40Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of
Chemicals (REACH) Implications
- Producers and importers to pay the costs,
estimated at about 2.1 billion by the EU. - Responsibility for use of chemicals will be
extended along the manufacturing chain - Downstream users could be required to carry out
additional testing where use differs from those
originally envisaged by manufacturers and
importers
41Integrated Product Policy (IPP) Definitions
- Integrated Product Policy (IPP)
- Public policy which aims at or is suitable for
continuous improvement in the environmental
performance of products and services within a
life-cycle context.(Federal Ministry for the
Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear
Safety, Bonn, June 1999) - Environmental Product Policy (EPP)
- A broad term for environmental product policies
used for national product policies in national
states
42Integrated Product Policy (IPP) Communication 1
- June 2003
- DG Environment
- Greening the market
- Focus products rather products services
- Approach 5 elements
- - Lifecycle Thinking (LCT)
- - Working with the market
- - Stakeholder involvement
- - Continuous improvement
- - Variety of policy instruments
43Integrated Product Policy (IPP) Communication 1
- Focus pilots on specific product areas
- - Large volume
- - Major environmental impacts
- - Areas for improvement
- Extension
- - Company obligation (not before 2005)
- - Environmental product declarations (2005)
- - Green procurement plans (2006)
44ISOTR14062 integration of environmental
considerations into product design development
45seeba website
- Further information on the status of the WEEE,
RoHS, EuP, REACH, IPP and ISOTR14062 can be found
on the seeba website at - www.cfsd.org.uk/seeba
- Includes
- Links to the full text of the directive.
- Status in the individual EU countries.
- Fact sheets on the directive
- Presentations from some of the leading experts in
the field. - Legislation and environmental information for
over 70 countries.
46Contact Details
Professor Martin Charter Director Martin Charter
Associates Tel 00 44 1252 722162 Fax 00 44
1252 722162 Email martincharter_at_compuserve.com
The Centre for Sustainable Design Tel 01252
892772 Fax 01252 892747 Email
mcharter_at_surrart.ac.uk Web www.cfsd.org.uk