Blue Team

1
A significant motivation of comparative PA is
to discover regularities through the human
experiences, irrespective of place and time.
Jreisat 2002, 5

• Blue Team

2
Golden Oldies

• Woodrow Wilson (1887) administrative-politics
  dichotomy
• Administration is government in action (14) it
  is the executive, the operative, the most visible
  part side of government (14)
• Who shall make law, and what shall that law be
  (politics)?
• How law should be administered (administration)?
• Administration lies outside the sphere of
  politics (20)
• Politics is state activity in things great and
  universal versus administration asthe activity
  of the state in individual and small things
• General plans (politics) versus special means
  (administration) (21)

3
Golden Oldies

• Max Weber (1922 Gerth/Mills translation 1946)
  ideal type of bureaucracy
• Principle of fixed and official jurisdictional
  areas
• Office hierarchy and of levels of graded
  authority
• Management based on written documents
• Specialized office through expert training

4
Golden Oldies

• Kharasch
• Develops three axioms that lead to his
  institutional imperative
• Action by the institution constitutes the
  internal dynamics of the institution
• Institution must function continuously if it is
  to stay in existence
• What the institution does is its purpose
• Institutional imperative every action or
  decision of an institution must be intended to
  keep the institutional machinery working (49)

5
Golden Oldies

• James Thurber
• Cynical description of reality in politics
  through death of an invented public hero
• Depicting a completely acceptable character of
  the hero death of the greatest man
• Perilous heights of fame (126) a accidental
  death of its most illustrious and spectacular
  figure (128)

6
Comparative Pubic Administration Towards a
synthesis

• Origins and development of the field
• Conceptualizing comparative public administration
  and methodology
• Cross-cutting topics
• Corruption
• Culture
• Implementation

7
Origins and development of field

• Emergence of field of public administration
• Politics - administration dichotomy (Wilson 1887)
• Ideal type of bureaucracy (Weber 1922)
• Comparative public administration move away from
  US-centered PA

8
Origins and development of field

• 1960s-early 70s New public administration
• Obligations of PA to society activism, ethics,
  solution to problems
• Development administration
• The administration of development programs, to
  the methods used by large scale organizations to
  implement policies and plans to meet their
  development objectives (Riggs 1971)
• Away from Western-centered unique challenges,
  contexts
• CAG Ford Foundation Riggs
• Postmodernism Movement away from rationality as
  answer
• New Public Management
• reinventing government decentralization,
  contracting, privatization, performance-based
  evaluation
• Governance

9
Conceptualization

• What is CPA?
• comparative study of institutions, processes,
  and behaviors in many contexts (Jreisat , 2002)
• Objective of CP
• The discovery of patterns and regularities of
  administrative action and behavior across
  cultures in order to produce new knowledge and to
  affirm or refine existing information (1)

10
Conceptualization

• Why we compare?
• Increasingly globalized, interdependent world
• Expand our knowledge and understanding of
  phenomena
• What works characteristics of successful/unsucces
  sful administrative performance best practices
• Insight for practitioners of various political
  contexts and impact on administration

11
Comparative methodology

• A focus for comparison
• Bureaucracy as a focus
• Organizational setting
• The ecology of administration

12
Comparative methodology

• Functionalist
• Interest articulation, interest aggregation,
  rule-making, rule application, rule adjudication,
  communication
• Neo-institutionalist
• Attention to structure
• Peters perspective

13
Cross-cutting topics

• Corruption
• What is it? (Heidenheimer et al. 1990)
• Many different meanings, but in social sciences
  often focus on
• Public-office centered, market-centered, and
  public interest-centered
• Friedrich behavior which deviates from the norm
  actually prevalent . . . and is deviant
  behavior associated with . . . private gain at
  public expense (15)
• Why is it a problem?
• Challenges for developing countries
• Man is conceived in sin and born in corruption
  (Warren 1946, 223, All the kings men) Brant
  seized the greatest man in the world and pushed
  him out the window (Thurber 1991, 138-146)

14
Cross-cutting topics

• Culture
• Riggs prismatic model pertaining to the ecology
  of administration in a type of society (Heady
  2001, 96)
• Almond and Verba civic culture, types of
  political culture
• Picard historical, and contemporary political
  (and bureaucratic) structures and processes (2)
  authoritarian political culture (5) inherited
  authoritarian patterns of government (6)

15
Cross-cutting topics

• Implementation intersection of public policy and
  administration
• Errors of third type (EIII) (Dunn 2007, 84)
• Problem structuring in policy analysis (81)

16
Weber (Bureaucracy)
Wilson (Politics/PA)
Development
Neo-Institutionalism
Culture
Corruption
Functionalism
Riggs Development (CAG)
Almond/ Verba
Heady (CPA)
Guy Peters
Picard
Policy Implementation (Dunn)
17
References

• Wilson, Woodrow, The study of administration,
  in Shafritz, Jay M., and Albert C. Hyde. 2007.
  Classics of public administration. 6th ed.
  Boston Thomson Wadsworth.
• Weber, Max, Bureaucracy, in Shafritz, Jay M.,
  and Albert C. Hyde. 2007. Classics of public
  administration. 6th ed. Boston Thomson
  Wadsworth.
• Thurber, James, The greatest men in the world,
  in Archer, Jeffrey, and Simon Bainbridge. 1991.
  Fools, knaves, and heroes great political short
  stories. 1st American ed. New York Norton.
• Kharasch, Robert N. 1973. The institutional
  imperative how to understand the United States
  Government and other bulky objects. New York,
  Charterhouse Books.

18
References

• Picard, Louis A. 2005. The state of the state
  institutional transformation, capacity and
  political change in South Africa. Johannesburg
  Wits University Press.
• Heady, Ferrel. 2001. Public administration a
  comparative perspective. 6th ed. New York Marcel
  Dekker.
• Jreisat, Jamil E. 2002. Comparative public
  administration and policy. Boulder, Colo. Oxford
  Westview.
• Baker, Randall. 1994. Comparative public
  management putting U.S. public policy and
  implementation in context. Westport, Conn.
  Praeger.
• Bekke, A. J. G. M., James L. Perry, and T. A. J.
  Toonen. 1996. Civil service systems in
  comparative perspective. Bloomington, Ind.
  Indiana University Press.