Spring Training

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Spring Training
Kissimmee
Florida
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A Prototype for Addressing PsychologicalIssues
of Professional Baseball Players

• Ken Callis, PhD
• Southeast Missouri State University
• Cape Girardeau, Missouri

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Tom Eppright, MDCleveland ClinicCleveland, Ohio
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Tal SmithPresident Houston Astros
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• Francisco Ruiz
• Psychologist
• Carabobo, Venezuela

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Competitive performance may be improved by

• Concentration - ability to maintain focus
• Confidence - believe in one's abilities
• Control - ability to maintain emotional control
  regardless of distraction
• Commitment - ability to continue working to
  agreed goals

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Competitive performance may be improved by

• specifying goals
• using imagery
• staying focused
• relaxing

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Players Module
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Performance anxiety

• This condition is composed of four main
  components

• Cognitive
• Physiological
• Behavioral
• Psychological

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Players Module
Dealing with performance deterrents

• State anxiety
• Trait anxiety
• Arousal
• Attention/Concentration
• Choking under pressure

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Recognizing emotional problems

• Substance Abuse
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Relationship difficulties
Stress management
Anxiety
Depression
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• Dealing with Setbacks Dealing with injuries
  Simulation- to learn how to use your mind to
  train your body

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Dealing with the Press, the Fans, Personal
situations, and other demands
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The cognitive element refers to
concentration worrying performance judgment
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Behavioral

• The behavioral aspects of performance anxiety
  make the person want to avoid public performance.
• Awareness of personal behaviors that inhibit focus

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Psychological component

• relates to the cognitive because it includes
• the fear of fear
• fear of disapproval
• perception of disaster
• irrational beliefs
• mood management

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Mental Rehearsal
Imagery allows

• practice for events and eventualities you can
  never expect to train for in reality.
• do overs
• to pre-experience the achievement of goals.

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Cognitive Restructuring

• Negative self dialogue
• Irrational thoughts
• Reframing
• Control your thoughts or they control you

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Coaches Module

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Coaches Module 

• Understanding Emotional and Learning Disorders
  Depression
  Anxiety Substance Abuse
  Learning Disabilities Attention Deficit
  Disorder

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Motivational Theories

• Intrinsic/Extrinsic motivation
• Reinforcement of positive and negative behaviors

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Divided Loyalties
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T H E E N D