THE WOODWIND

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THEWOODWIND BRASS FAMILIES
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FLUTE

• The modern flute was developed by Theobald Boehm
  who experimented with it from 1832 to 1847. He
  finally produced a parabolic (bowl-shaped) head
  joint attached to a cylindrical body with
  open-standing keys and finger pads to cover large
  finger holes. Since then, other minor
  improvements have been made. In Europe flutes are
  often constructed of wood silver is commonly
  used in the United States.
• Sound is produced from a flute by blowing onto a
  sharp edge, causing air enclosed in a tube to
  vibrate.

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CLARINET

• The first form of a clarinet was created in the
  1700s by a German Instrument maker, J.C. Denner.
  He called it a Chalumeau.
• Today the clarinet consists of a closed
  cylindrical air column with a bell-shaped opening
  at one end. It's mouthpiece holds a single reed.
  It is typically constructed of wood. The
  traditional wood is an ebony from Africa, Asia or
  South America commonly referred to as grenadilla
  wood. The instrument most commonly used today is
  known as the B-flat clarinet.

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SAXOPHONE

• The first saxophone, a C bass, was displayed for
  the first time, in 1841, to the famous composer,
  Hector Berlioz.
• The history of the saxophone can be traced back
  over 150 years. Although this seems like a long
  time, the saxophone is one of the newer
  instruments in the musical spectrum. It was
  invented by and named for Antoine-Joseph
  (Adolphe) Sax. He was an expert instrument maker
  and talented musician. The saxophone was patented
  on March 20, 1846. It has since become a
  necessity in every band due to its tonal beauty
  and versatility.

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OBOE

• The history of the oboe dates back to Egyptian
  illustrations from 3000 BC.
• The oboe, a double reed instrument continued to
  evolve century after century. In 1800 Fredreick
  Triebert, a German Instrument maker devoted his
  life to creating oboes.

• The oboe is a double reed instrument with 3
  sections and a double reed. It is a long wooden
  tube expanding into a flaring bell, traditionally
  made of African Blackwood.

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BASSOON

• The bassoon, a double reed instrument first
  appeared in 1650. The Heckel family is given the
  credit for the bassoon of today.
• Bassoons are usually made of maple wood, although
  some models are now made of ebonite. (hard, black
  rubber).
• The double reed is made from cane, with most
  bassoonists making their own reeds. The player's
  lips exert a lot of control over the reed, with
  more than half of the reed in the player's mouth.
  

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TRUMPET

• The trumpet is one of the oldest instruments. It
  was first used for signaling in ancient China
  (2000 B.C.), Egypt (1500 B.C.), and Scandinavia
  (1000 B.C.). The trumpet was long and had no
  valves. By Roman times, the trumpet was also
  played at military and civilian ceremonies.
• In the late 1700's, the trumpet became a regular
  member of the Orchestra. Crooks (short pieces of
  tubing) were invented and were used to lengthen
  or shorten the trumpet so it could be

used to play more notes. In 1815, the valve was
invented which made crooks unnecessary. Today the
trumpets have three valves which allows the
instrument to change lengths.
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FRENCH HORN

• The french horn is 12 feet, the second longest of
  the brass instruments.

• The french horn can be traced back to the use of
  animal horns by primitive man, the modern horn
  took a recognizable form in the 18th century. It
  became known in England about this time, and they
  called it the French horn. A German horn player,
  Anton Joseph Hampel discovered that hand stopping
  the horn allowed the player a few more notes.

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EUPHONIUM

• The euphonium is a member of the tuba family. It
  has a slightly higher range and more mellow tone.

• The euphoniums earliest ancestor was an
  instrument known as the serpent. Deriving its
  name from its snake-like shape, the serpent was
  constructed of either wood , brass, or silver and
  played with a deep-cup mouthpiece made of horn or
  ivory.
• Today euphoniums are upright and have 3-4
  valves. The 4th valve allows for increased
  range.

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TROMBONE

• The earliest trombone emerged in Belgium in
  1450. It was not called a trombone, but a
  sackbutt.
• The Trombone has a slide which is moved into
  different positions. The slide positions, along
  with your embouchure and mouthpiece allows you to
  play different pitches.

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TUBA

• The tuba has 27 feet of tubing wrapped in the
  body. It has three valves and a flared bell.
• The notes are produced by changing the length of
  the tube. This is accomplished through the use of
  valves.

• Tuba refers to a family of lip-vibrated, upright,
  valved instrument.
• The tuba was patented in 1835 by the Prussian
  bandmaster, Fredrich Wilhelm Wieprecht and the
  German builder, Johann Gottfried Moritz.