COASTS

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COASTS
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Long-Shore Transport
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High Energy Beaches
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Low Energy Coasts
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Back-Barrier Environmentscoastal marshwashover
deposits
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Coastal Dunes
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Foreshore Environment (Intertidal Swash
Zone)Seaward dipping laminationsHeavy mineral
placers
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Laminated foreshore deposits in outcrop
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The Upper Shoreface (Breaker and Surf
Zones)Oscillation ripples
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Stop Thursday 10/2/08
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Upper Shoreface DepositsCurrent ripples, ridge
(forset) and swell (trough)
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Variable ripple patterns
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Shoreface Trace Fossils(Ophiomorpha) and
othertracks, trails and burrows
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Lower Shoreface (hummucks)
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Wavy cross bedding
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Shoreface depositsin outcrop
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Determiningpaleoshoreline orientation
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Thick prograding shoreface deposits
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Prograding Clastic Shoreline Succession
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The Texas Coast
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Stop Thursday
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Transgressive Clastic Shorelines
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Transgressive Ravinement
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Transgressive Ravinement
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Transgressive Sheet Sands
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The MAFLA Sheet Sand
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Tide-Dominated Coasts
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Low wave energy tide-dominated coasts (The
Florida Panhandle)
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CoastalBarriers
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The latest Transgression
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Model for barrier formation
Follets Island
Galveston Island
Mustang Island
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Galveston Island
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Source of Sand that composes Galveston Island
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Thickness of Galveston Island
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Stop 10/16/08
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Bolivar Peninsula Evolution
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Spit Accretion
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Aggradational BarriersMustang IslandThick
barrier sands with stacked tidal inlets
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Transgressive barriers(Follets Island and South
Padre Island)Barrier sands rest of back barrier
sediments
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Preservation of Barriers
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Cheniers
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Current changes along the Texas coast
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Coastal Erosion-1.0 to 1.5 m/yr forGalveston
Island
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West end of Galveston Seawall showing amount of
erosion that has occurred since the wall was
constructed
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Highway 3005, Follets Island
After Ike
Before Ike
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Monitoring Coastal Erosion (LIDAR)
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Texas Open Beaches Act
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Combating Beach Erosion
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Straw Dunes
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Geotubes
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Beach Nourishment
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Stop tuesday
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BEACH NOURISHMENT
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The difference between Texas and Florida is that
we have very little in the way of offshore sand
resources. Still, we spend millions of tax
dollars searching for sand.
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Wetlands Loss
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Rising Sea levelLong-term tide gauge
recordsindicate a few millimeters per year rate
of rise
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Subsidence due to ground water use (1960s and
early 70s)
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Oil and Gas Production
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The upper Texas coast with a 2m sea level rise.
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Hurricane ImpactThe Great Storm of 1900
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Predicted Storm Tides
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Storm Impact on Coasts
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Hurricane Ivan
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Hurricane Alicia
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Ike
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