MIS 411 Part of Chapter 8

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MIS 411Part of Chapter 8 10

• Presented by
• Kelvin N. Doan

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Objectives

• What are the organizational approaches to
  computing?
• What aspects of the convergence of computing and
  communications are important for understanding
  telecommunications?

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1. What are the organizational approaches to
computing?

• 1. Centralized Computing
• 2. Personal Computing
• 3. Distributed Computing
• 4. Network Computing

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Centralized Computing

• A single mainframe that performs the process for
  multiple users.
• Maintains and controls all the peripherals such
  as printers.
• Terminals connected to the mainframe were called
  dumb terminals because?
• Centralized functions are needed for many
  business operations.

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Personal Computing

• Computers that are not connected to a network and
  are used for individual work. (word processing,
  spreadsheet, presentations, personal calendars).
• PCs were weak, having awkward user interfaces,
  limited software capabilities, and data and
  storage only on diskette.
• Practical usage and affordable on a wider scale.

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Distributed Computing

• More than one workstations are connected to share
  data and computing resources.
• Resources such as data, messages, work products,
  printers, etc.
• More accessibility
• Still stays connected even part of the network is
  down.
• More restricted environment than personal
  computing.

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Network Computing

• Multiple network computers are linked to a
  central server that controls their operation and
  provides links to other servers.
• Easier to administer than distributed computing
• Networks of stripped-down personal computers
  called network computers (NCs) or thin
  clients.
• Programs and data are all stored on centralized
  servers

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NCs Debate
Hey Bill, whats a floppy disk?
Scott McNealy CEO, Sun Microsystems
Scott, Its a way to steal company secrets.
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Computers in a Networked World
Basic idea, advantages, disadvantages?
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(No Transcript)
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2. The important aspects of computing and
communications
FedEx Case Analysis
The key successes of FedEx

• Promised on-time delivery
• To maintain a high degree of reliability in its
  shipping
• Flexibility and convenience for customers
  (e-business)
• Developed a service quality index
• National Semiconductor mainframe reduces distri.
  cost
• Applies telecommunications in package delivery

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Applying Telecommunications in Business
Telecommunications

• Transmission of data between devices in different
  locations.
• Typical experiences such as watching TV,
  listening to the radio, and using the telephone
  (sound images).
• Purpose is to reduce or eliminate time delays

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Vital Role of Telecommunications in E-Business

• Telecommunications essential to
• E-retailers
• E-marketplaces
• Internet content providers
• Internet service providers (ISPs)
• Application service providers (ASPs)
• Telephone and cable companies
• Telecommunication equipment manufacturers
• Internet and telecommunications software firms

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E-retailers, E-marketplaces, Internet content
provider

• E-retailers Companies that sell other companies
  products over the Internet. Example Amazon.com,
  Office Depot, Staples, Gateway Inc.
• E-marketplaces Uses Internet to create
  marketplaces for buyers and sellers. Example
  Ebay
• Internet content provider Provides information
  that is made available and possibly sold on the
  Internet. ProQuest, Lexnus-Nexus Database

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Internet service providers (ISPs), Application
service providers (ASPs

• Internet Service Providers Providing links and
  computer processing consumers and firms need in
  order to use the Internet. Also provide
  Web-hosting services that operate Web sites.
• Example Verizon, Comcast
• Application Service Providers Operate business
  application software on their own servers for
  other companies.
• Example WebCT.

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Convergence of Computing and Communications

• Reliance of telecommunications on computers
• Role of telecommunications in computing
• New wired and wireless transmission
• New combinations of data and computing

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Reliance of telecommunications on computers

• In the old days, established connections by
  plugging wires in to a switchboard.
• Make long distance connections electronically
• Monitor traffic on the network and balance the
  loads
• Downside of bugs in computer programs causing
  long telephone systems to fail

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Role of telecommunications in computing

• FedEx example, utilized handheld computers to
  process then hooked into a computer in the
  truck.
• Transmitted data to a central database where
  other processing occurred.
• Users often satisfy with the work being done
  conveniently.

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New wired and wireless transmission

• Direct satellite broadcasting creating new
  wireless options.
• Wireless transmission of radio and television
  broadcasts provide by cable broadcasting.
• Transferring data through wire has led to the
  emergence of portable telephone and data
  transmission through satellites.
• Fiber optic cable has increased amount of data by
  wired transmission.

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New combinations of data and computing

• Electronic mail takes some of the function of a
  telegraph but uses a computer to generate and
  receive the message.
• Voice mail uses a computer to control recording
  and retrieval of the missing message.
• Video conferencing applies the idea of video from
  television broadcasting, wouldve been telephone
  conversations.

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Telephone and cable companies and

• These companies install, operate, and maintain
  telephone, cable and other communications
  equipment.
• Example Verizon, Comcast Cable, Direct TV, COX.

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Internet and telecommunications software firms

• Companies that provide software and data
  processing services used by firms that create and
  operate web sites.
• Example ColdFusion, MS FrontPage, MS SQL Server
  2000, Oracle, Etc.

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Figure 10.1
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Figure 10.2
Local wireless entertainment broadcasting is
being superseded by transmission through cable
and at the same time cable is seeing new
competition from satellite television.
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Telecommunications Pre-Recap
1
2
5
Share Information
Individual Usage
Improve in Business World
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3
Secure
Network
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Questions Discussion

• Which of the following is NOT an advantage of
  distributed computing?
• a. improves coordination
• b. helps in data sharing
• c. permits sharing of printers
• d. requires less control and administration

Answer D
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Questions Discussion

• Which one of the followings is company is an
  example of E-retailer?
• a. Amazon.com
• b. Office Depot
• c. Staples
• d. Gateway Inc.
• e. All of the above

Answer E