The PRECEDE Model

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The PRECEDE Model

• Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling factors
  as Causes in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation

A systematic approach to health
promoting interventions
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Predisposing Factors

• personal factors that make any given
  health-related behavior more (or less) likely to
  occur

• factors present before the behavioral decision
  takes place (antecedent)
• factors include
• knowledge
• attitudes
• values
• inherent qualities

3
Enabling Factors

• environmental factors that make any given
  health-related behavior more (or less) likely to
  occur

• factors present before the behavioral decision
  takes place (antecedent)
• factors include
• availability of resources
• accessibility to services
• referral networks
• laws, policies procedures

4
Reinforcing Factors

• Personal, social and/or environmental factors
  that make any given health-related behavior more
  (or less) likely to continue

• factors present as a result of the behavioral
  decision
• factors include
• personal feelings (physical psychological)
• feedback from others
• societal acceptance
• legal repercussions

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Predisposing Factors Youth Smoking

• Cigarette smoking has nothing to do with good
  health. (knowledge)
• Cigarette smokers are cool. (attitudes)
• Cigarette smoking helps me to cope with personal
  problems. (beliefs)
• To me, the taste and good feeling of the smoke
  are better than having clean teeth. (values)
• Young people can impress others by smoking
  cigarettes. (perceptions)

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Enabling Factors Youth Smoking

• I have extra money that allows me to buy /
  afford cigarettes. (resources)
• It is relatively easy for me to purchase
  cigarettes whenever / wherever I want. (access)
• I can smoke at school without getting into any
  trouble. (policies)
• I can smoke in most public places, including
  shopping centers and theater lobbies. (policies)
• There are no smoking cessation programs for
  young people in my town. (skills / resources)

7
Reinforcing Factors Youth Smoking

• Older peers have encouraged me to use
  cigarettes. (peer influence / feedback)
• I think TV / magazine ads promote smoking among
  young people. (societal influences)
• I smoke because my father and/or mother
  smoke(s). (modeling)
• I smoke primarily with my friends. (social
  opportunities)
• School officials overlook my smoking.
  (repercussions)

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The Model
I n t e r v e n t i o n s
Predisposing Factors
Behavior Lifestyle
Quality of Life
Reinforcing Factors
Health
Environment
Enabling Factors
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Using the model Preventing deaths due to traffic
accidents
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Causes of traffic accident deaths include

• speeding
• improper / risky driving
• alcohol and/or other drug consumption
• faulty equipment (e.g., tires, brakes)
• weather conditions
• buckling seatbelts
• road conditions
• road surface material

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Causes of traffic accident deaths include

• eyesight
• reaction time
• driver distractions (e.g., radio, cellular)
• Other

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Causes by category

• Behavioral
• speeding
• improper / risky driving
• drug consumption
• buckling seatbelts
• driver distractions
• Other

• Non-Behavioral
• faulty equipment
• weather conditions
• road conditions
• road surface material
• Other

Questionable? eyesight reaction time
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Cause to influence alcohol consumption
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Activity Exploring the health of college
students at OU