Volcanoes

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Volcanoes

• By Maria Ventura

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What are volcanoes?

• A volcano is a landform where magma erupts
  through the surface of the planet.

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How are volcanoes formed?

• A volcano forms when hot molten rock (called
  magma while it is still underground) erupts at
  the surface. On the surface of the Earth, molten
  rock is called lava. The lava will build up
  around the vent where it comes out, forming a
  volcano.

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What Do Volcanoes Sound Like?
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Types of Volcanoes
Volcanoes are grouped based on their shape.
There are five volcano shapes.
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Composite Volcanoes

• Composite, or Strato, volcanoes are formed by
  layers of rock and lava.
• They erupt in explosive ways!
• Most composite volcanoes are snow-capped and
  appear to be extinct.
• Watch out! They are not all extinct!

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Shield Volcanoes

• Shield volcanoes are huge in size.
• They are built by layers of lava.
• When they erupt, lava spills out of vents,
  forming a cone shape.

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Cinder Volcanoes

• Cinder volcanoes are very steep and are cone
  shaped.
• They are very tall and are the most common form
  of volcanoes in the world.

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Spatter Volcanoes

• Spatter volcanoes are dangerous because they are
  very explosive.
• The lava does not erupt in a slow flow, but
  explosively in particles.

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Complex Volcanoes

• Most volcanoes can be called complex.
• A complex volcano is one that has two or more
  vents to release lava.

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Famous Volcanoes

• Mt. Saint Helens, Washington
• Mt. Vesuvius, Italy
• Mt. Fuji, Japan
• Mt. Krakatau, Indonesia (see picture)
• Mt. Kilauea, Hawaii

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Danger of Volcanos

• Volcanoes are dangerous because they can erupt!
• The smoke you inhale can kill you.
• The hot lava will melt anything in its path.

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Are all volcanoes dangerous?
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Dormant Volcanoes

• A dormant volcano is considered to be sleeping
  but able to wake up again.
• It is one that is believed to be capable of
  erupting again in the future.

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Extinct Volcanoes

• Some volcanoes are extinct, which means that they
  can no longer erupt.
• Mount Egremont in New Zealand (seen here) is an
  example of an extinct volcano.

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Active Volcanoes

• An active volcano is one that has erupted in the
  past 100 years and is likely to erupt again.
• Many volcanoes in Hawaii are active volcanoes.
  Hawaii has a Volcano National Park to visit
  active volcanoes.

Mt. Vesuvius of Italy (seen here) is an example
of an active volcano.
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Visit to Mt. Vesuvius

• Your teacher has climbed a volcano! Its true!
• In August, I visited Mt. Vesuvius in Naples,
  Italy.
• It was a long walk to the top, but we made it!

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Effects of a Volcano

• Volcanoes can bury and destroy towns and cities.
• Mt. Vesuvius is famous for covering the city of
  Pompeii.

These are pictures I took on my visit to Pompeii!
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Inside the Volcano

• Ever wonder what the inside of a volcano looks
  like? Not much really!
• After the eruption, the mountain top caves in.
• You could sometimes see smoke venting out!

• This is a picture I took of inside Mt. Vesuvius

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Your Task

• Pick a famous volcano, such as Mt. Vesuvius
• Research details about your volcano
• Create an interactive PowerPoint presentation for
  the class about your volcano
• Your presentation must include the location, type
  of volcano, danger of volcano, dates of
  eruption(s) and other interesting facts
• Teach the class using your PowerPoint
  presentation
• Good Luck!