The OSI Model

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Providing Solutions for the Worldof Data
Communications
Protocol Stacks and DumpsGcom, Inc. Training
Presentation
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
Gcom_cdi -t Gcom_ivp counter-trace
ALC/UTS
Gcom_cdi -U
Errors
Gcom_ivp sca-bsc-trace
Gcom_dlpi -t Gcom_dlpi -u
Gcom_dlpi -U
Errors
Gcom_ss -Uw Gcom_ss -u
Gcom_npi -V Gcom_npi -t Gcom_ivp npi-summary
Flow Chart for Reading Gcom_dump
Gcom_ss -Uw Gcom_ss -u
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps

• Table of Contents
• STREAMS Layers
• Management Command Summary
• Ring System -- Tunneling
• Trace Table Commands
• Gcom_npi -t
• Gcom_dlpi -t
• Gcom_cdi -t -- X.25, Error Conditions, ALC
• Gcom_ivp sca-bsc-trace
• Gcom_ivp driver-counters
• Gcom_ivp counter-trace
• Gcom_ivp sca-intr-trace
• ALC Garbled Message
• Gcom_cdi -U Gcom_cdi -u -- X.25, ALC, UTS
• Gcom_dlpi -L Gcom_dlpi -l
• Gcom_dlpi -U Gcom_dlpi -u
• Gcom_npi -L Gcom_npi -l Flow Control,
  Throughput Class
• Gcom_npi -U Gcom_npi -u Gcom_npi -V
• Gcom_ivp npi-summary

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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
STREAMS Layers X.25 Stack
STREAMS drivers are in the kernel
Network Provider Interface Interface to network
layer
Data Link Provider Interface Interface to link
layer
Communication Device Interface Interface to
physical layer
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
STREAMS Layers X.25 Stack
X.25 Stack Three Layers
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
STREAMS Layers ALC or UTS
ALC or UTS Stack One Layer
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
STREAMS Layers X.25 Stack ALC/UTS
You can configure X.25 on one port and ALC or UTS
on another port simultaneously
ALC or UTS Stack One Layer
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
Gcom_ss -U -Uw
Management Commands
Gcom_npi -U -u Gcom_ivp npi-summary
Gcom_npi -L -l -t
Gcom_dlpi -U -u -t
Gcom_dlpi -L -l -t
Gcom_cdi -U -u -t
Gcom_ivp sca-intr-trace Gcom_ivp
counter-trace Gcom_ivp driver-counters Gcom_ivp
-I Gcom_ivp sca-bsc-trace
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
Ring System X.25 Stack Processes
Historical Note Gcoms protocol stacks
were implemented using the Ring System prior
to being ported to STREAMS. The Ring System is
still present within the STREAMS implementation.
Ring System Processes Each process has a
numerical Id.
Suffix .1 indicates process instance number
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
Ring System X.25 Stack Connectivity
Logical Data Flow
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
Ring System X.25 Stack Scheduling Ring
Data flows through the Ring
Ring data struct called Token
Token
From and To are process Ids
Insert Token in Ring and return
Remove Token from Ring and call process entry
point
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack STREAMS and Ring system
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
pktlvl.1
STREAMS linkage not used for data flow
frmlvl.1
Data flows directly between Ring System
processes via the Ring
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
Buffers from driver flow through Ring
Digi Driver
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack STREAMS and Ring system Logical data
flow view We call this tunneling
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
Logical channel data sent upstream as
STREAMS. See next slide.
pktlvl.1
Ring System Tokens flow between frmlvl and
pktlvl. These are I-Frames.
frmlvl.1
Ring System Tokens flow between intsx25 and
frmlvl. These are Raw Frames.
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Ring System Tokens flow from driver to intsx25
Digi Driver
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Detail of NPI Provider
Convert back to STREAMS at top of protocol stack
Logical channels come out the top
X.25 packet level state machine resides here
I-Frames from LAPB arrive from below
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Trace Table Commands
Gcom_npi -t Shows this Token traffic as decoded
packet types
Gcom_dlpi -t Shows this Token traffic as decoded
frame types
Gcom_cdi -t Shows this Token traffic as raw
buffers
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_npi -t
Transmit or Receive
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
Byte Count
Time Stamp milli-sec
Bytes of Packet
pktlvl.1
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
Data(P(R), P(S))
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
Logical Channel Number
RR(P(R))
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_dlpi -t
Transmit or Receive
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
Byte Count
Time Stamp milli-sec
Bytes of Frame
pktlvl.1
frmlvl.1
I-Frame(N(R), N(S))
RR(N(R))
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
means Poll/Final bit set
Digi Driver
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_cdi -t
Transmit or Receive relative to CDI Provider
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
Byte Count
Bytes of Frame
Time Stamp milli-sec
pktlvl.1
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_cdi -t
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
Snd Bfr from frmlvl request to transmit frame
pktlvl.1
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_cdi -t
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
Rcv Bfr from driver frame just received
pktlvl.1
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_cdi -t Error No attempt to send
frames
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
pktlvl.1
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
Snd Bfr If this is missing then frmlvl is not
attempting to send frames. Look at Gcom_dlpi -t
for more information
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_cdi -t Error Frames wont
transmit
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
pktlvl.1
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
Rcv Tkn -- Frm Xmitted If this is missing then
the driver could not transmit the frame. Look
for watchdog timer expiration count. Check
clocking. Check cables. Check modem/DSU settings.
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_cdi -t Error No frames received
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
pktlvl.1
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
Rcv Bfr If this is missing then the driver never
received any frames. Check clocking. Check
cables. Check modem/DSU settings. Observe Rx data
with line monitor.
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
ALC Stack Gcom_cdi -t
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
Snd Bfr from CDI_Prov request to transmit msg
1854059750 Snd Bfr ( 2) 0f 37 00 00 04
00 00 00 02 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 1854059750 Rcv
Tkn 03-gt03 Frm Xmitted extra0000
bfrpd7d6ff24 othr0 1854059750 Snd Tkn
03-gt04 Frm Xmitted extra0000 bfrpd7d6ff24 othr0

CDI Provider has Ring Sys process

Digi Driver
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
ALC Stack Gcom_cdi -t
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
Rcv Bfr from driver msg just received

1854059800 Rcv Bfr ( 3) 0f 2f 1d 00 03
00 00 00 06 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 1854059800 Snd
Tkn 03-gt04 Frm Rcvd extrafff7
bfrpd6e7c124 othr0 1854059800 Rcv Tkn
04-gt03 Rplce Bfr extra0000 bfrp0 othr0

Digi Driver
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
ALC Stack Gcom_ivp sca-bsc-trace Transmit
Operations
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
One trace buffer is shared by all ALC/UTS
ports. Difficult to understand if more than one
line is running.
Modem signals
Digi Driver
Tx Transmit ALC characters. Six bit in hex in
internal form.
Drop RTS
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
ALC Stack Gcom_ivp sca-bsc-trace Receive
Operations
This is a back to back configuration. Note that
Tx chars appear in Rx
Syncs
CCC

Tx 3f 3e 0f 12-DC2 1d 29 3f
3f 3f Rx 0f 12-DC2 1d 29
Idle PAD
Rx Receive ALC characters. Six bit in hex in
internal form.
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_ivp driver-counters
All protocol stacks use the same counters
Digi driver interrupt service routine
counts. Non-zero means interrupts are being
processed.
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_ivp driver-counters Continued
Normal receive interrupts for X.25

sca_tx_intr_cnt 0 sca_rx_intr_cnt
0 sca_txdmib_intr_cnt 0 sca_rxdmib_intr_cnt
101757 sca_rxdmia_intr_cnt 0 sca_rxdma_inside_t
xdma_cnt 0 sca_txtmr_intr_cnt
101823 sca_start_txtmr_cnt 101823 sca_stop_txt
mr_cnt 101823 sca_txtmr_tbl_empty_cnt
50890 sca_ifdtmr_intr_cnt 0
Normal transmit interrupts for X.25 Timer driven.
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
ALC/UTS Stack Gcom_ivp driver-counters
Normal transmit interrupts for ALC/UTS

sca_tx_intr_cnt 12851410 sca_rx_intr_cnt
927795808 sca_txdmib_intr_cnt
0 sca_rxdmib_intr_cnt 0 sca_rxdmia_intr_cnt
0 sca_rxdma_inside_txdma_cnt 0 sca_txtmr_intr_cn
t 0 sca_start_txtmr_cnt
0 sca_stop_txtmr_cnt 0 sca_txtmr_tbl_empty_cnt
0 sca_ifdtmr_intr_cnt 0
Normal receive interrupts for ALC/UTS Large
number comes from continuous scanning for syncs
No DMA interrupts for ALC/UTS
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
ALC Stack Gcom_ivp driver-counters Continued
Counters for ALC only

sca_alc_xmt_cnt 51863415 sca_alc_xmt_unrn_c
nt 12834283 sca_alc_xmt_unrn_idle_cnt
12834283 sca_alc_xmt_unrn_noie_cnt
18 sca_alc_rcv_cnt 927795944 sca_alc_bfsm_s
rch 887591561 sca_alc_bfsm_sync
12841939 sca_alc_rx_idle_cnt
561 sca_alc_rx_srch_cnt 15717539 sca_alc_garble
d_cnt 15 sca_alc_xmt_bit_fsm_chr_cnt
64697710 sca_alc_xmt_bit_fsm_byte_cnt
38914775 sca_alc_rcv_bit_fsm_chr_cnt
82139234 sca_alc_rcv_bit_fsm_byte_cnt 40204383
Note garbled message count. Indicates that badly
formed messages were received.
Bit scanning FSM counters
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
ALC Stack Gcom_ivp driver-counters Continued
Histogram of ALC transmit states Counts number of
interrupts in each state
0 TX_IDLE - Nothing transmitting 1 Unused 2
CTS_WAIT - Waiting for CTS 3 TX_STRT - Start
transmitting S1 4 TX_S2 - Transmit S2 5
TX_BYTE1 - Transmit 1st char of msg 6 TX_BYTES
- Transmit msg chars 7 TX_CCC - Transmit CCC
char 8 TX_PAD - Transmit idle line PAD after
msg 9 LINE_IDLE - Wait for line to become
idle 10-15 Unused

sca_alc_tx_hist 0 0
12834292 0
12834292 12834289 13269850 36284
25722992 0 0
0 0
0 0 0
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
ALC Stack Gcom_ivp driver-counters Continued
Histogram of ALC receive states Counts number of
interrupts in each state
0 RCV_IDLE - No message being received 1
RCV_S1 - Receive 1st sync char 2 RCV_S2 -
Receive 2nd sync char 3 RCV_FIRST - Receive 1st
msg char 4 RCV_GA - Receive char after initial
GA 5 Unused 6 RCV_IA1st - Received IA as 1st
char 7 RCV_IA2nd - Received IA after GA 8
RCV_RS - Received RS after IA 9 RCV_TA -
Received TA after IA 10 RCV_CCC - Receive CCC
char 11 RCV_CCCi - Receive CCC and continue 12
RCV_CONT - Receive idle line or continuation
msg 13-15 Unused

sca_alc_rx_hist 0 15690530
12841940 13109748
12815148 0 26784 12815145
0 1971259 12815143
26783 26754
0 0 0
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25, ALC or UTS Stack Gcom_ivp counter-trace
Traces occurrences of error conditions Use to see
when errors occurred
Change events to error counters XAB Transmit
abort XUN Transmit underrun CRC CRC error RAB
Receive abort ROV Receiver overrun WDT
Watchdog timer MFL Modem flood AFL Abort flood
Error counters
Frame counters
Time stamps in milli-seconds

ivp counter-trace-1 Start-Tim End-Tim Tx-Frms
Rx-Frms Tx-Errs Rx-Errs Changes 1519317950
1519327950 1527797 2124881 18
413761 CRC 1519327950 1519337950 1527928
2125063 18 413781 CRC RAB 1519337950
1519347950 1528047 2125251 18
413806 CRC 1519347950 1519357950 1528264
2125554 18 413826 CRC 1519357950
1519367950 1528447 2125835 18
413857 CRC 1519367950 1519377950 1528555
2126009 18 413865 CRC
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_ivp sca-intr-trace
Traces interrupt service requests
Time stamps in milli-seconds
Start frame transmit
First few bytes

1601246650 Tx-Strt arg0x0 (0), 03
31 00 00 1601246650 Xmt-DMA/DSR 0x61
(97) 1601246650 compute-IMVR isr00
isr10 isr210 vector1C 1601246650
Vector Vect0x1C timer 0/2 1601246650
Tx-Fin/ST1 0x51 (81) 1601246650
compute-IMVR isr00 isr12 isr20
vector16 1601246650 Vector
Vect0x16 Rx DMA normal end 1601246650
Rx-Fin arg0x0 (0), 03 31 10 00
Timer Interrupt followed by transmit complete
Transmit complete follows timer interrupt
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_ivp sca-intr-trace
Traces interrupt service requests
Time stamps in milli-seconds

1601246650 Tx-Strt arg0x0 (0), 03
31 00 00 1601246650 Xmt-DMA/DSR 0x61
(97) 1601246650 compute-IMVR isr00
isr10 isr210 vector1C 1601246650
Vector Vect0x1C timer 0/2 1601246650
Tx-Fin/ST1 0x51 (81) 1601246650
compute-IMVR isr00 isr12 isr20
vector16 1601246650 Vector
Vect0x16 Rx DMA normal end 1601246650
Rx-Fin arg0x0 (0), 03 31 10 00
First few bytes
Frame received
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
ALC Stack Gcom_ivp sca-intr-trace
Traces interrupt service requests
Transmit state machine
Time stamps in milli-seconds
Start frame transmit
State
Count

1854090550 Tx-Start arg0x2 (2), 0F
37 49 50 1854090550 Tx-FSM 0x2
(2), 0x2 (2) 1854090550 Tx-Chr 0x3
(3), 0x3F (63) 1854090550 Tx-FSM
0x4 (4), 0x2 (2) 1854090550 Tx-Chr
0x4 (4), 0x3E (62) 1854090550
Tx-Byte 0x58 (88), 0x0 (0) 1854090550
Tx-FSM 0x5 (5), 0x2 (2) 1854090550
Tx-Chr 0x6 (6), 0xF (15) 1854090550
Tx-Byte 0x18 (24), 0x38 (56)
Transmit a character
State
Char
Transmit byte on line 8-bits w/packed 6-bit chars
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
ALC Stack Gcom_ivp sca-intr-trace
Traces interrupt service requests
Receive state machine Receiving syncs
Time stamps in milli-seconds
Receive sync pattern
Receive 1st char of msg

1854090550 Rx-Sync 0xC (12), 0x800
(2048) 1854090550 Rx-S1 0x3F
(63) 1854090550 Rx-S2 0x3E
(62) 1854090550 Rx-1st 0xF
(15) 1854090550 Rx-GA 0x2F
(47) 1854090550 Rx-IA2nd 0x1D
(29) 1854090550 Rx-CCC 0x39
(57) 1854090550 Rx-Fin arg0x0
(0), 0F 2F 1D 04
Finish received msg
First few chars
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
ALC Stack garbled message
This message appears in the cmessages file.
Written by the Digi driver in ALC mode.
Diagnostic message
Line number within within driver. Useful only to
Gcom.
Port number
Receive FSM state
Received character in octal

1 ALC garbled msg Not IA or GA state3
ochr052 chr025 crc_err1 1728
Diagnostic Messages Intial char not sync --
Initial character is neither S1 nor S2 Expected
S2 char -- Garbage while expecting second sync
character Not IA or GA -- Character is not a
valid IA or the GA character Not IA or NIA --
Character is not a valid IA or the NIA character
Not RS or TA -- Character is not a valid TA or
the RS character Not EOM char -- Character after
RS should be EOM but was not CCC error -- Check
sum error
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_cdi -U
und -- Transmit under run abt -- Transmit abort
wd -- Watch dog timer mf -- Modem flood af --
Abort flood
crc -- CRC errors ovr -- Receive over run abt --
Receive abort
Should always be INPUT_ALLOWED for X.25


receive-errs xmt-errs UPA CDI_State
Frames-out Frames-in wd mf af crc ovr abt
und abt --- ------------- ----------
---------- -- -- -- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
1 INPUT_ALLOWED 50880 50878 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 2 INPUT_ALLOWED
50878 50879 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
ALC Stack Gcom_cdi -U
und -- Transmit under run abt -- Transmit abort
wd -- Watch dog timer mf -- Modem flood af --
Abort flood
crc -- CRC errors ovr -- Receive over run abt --
Receive abort
Indicates that Gcom_ssd has connection open to
this port


receive-errs xmt-errs UPA CDI_State
Frames-out Frames-in wd mf af crc ovr abt
und abt --- ------------- ----------
---------- -- -- -- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
1 INPUT_ALLOWED 8427 8977 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 2 DRIVER-DOWN
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
Indicates that Gcom_ssd does not have connection
open to this port
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_cdi -u
Ensure large enough

ix25prm.maxfrmsz 1100 ix25prm.ix25mode
non-DMA (0) ix25prm.frstart
12 ix25prm.ix25wrapflg NONE
(0) ix25prm.hdx_optns 0 ix25prm.rcv_bfrs
16 ix25prm.xmit_bfrs
20 ix25prm.rcv_bfr_size 1100 ix25prm.xmit_bfr
_size 1100 ix25prm.ix25_optns
0x00 ix25prm.ix25_enb 1 ix25prm.ix25_retr
y 4 ix25prm.ix25_ifd
0 ix25prm.ix25_ll_optns 0x00 ix25prm.ix25_chip
_type HD64570 (13) ix25prm.rcv_dma
0 ix25prm.xmt_dma 0 ix25prm.ix25_code
NRZ (0) ix25prm.ix25_clks TxC in,
RxC in (0) ix25prm.baudrate 64000
Mode0 is HDLC
Ensure no loopback
Same value as maxfrmsz
Ensure NRZ encoding
External clocking
If ix25_clks0, does not matter what this is
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_cdi -u
Output signals

Input signals
ix25prm.mdm_lim 6 ix25prm.mdm_msk
DTR RTS DSR- DCD- CTS- (0x03) ix25prm.wd_tim
er 5000 ix25prm.seq_end_dly
0 ix25prm.lt_dly 0 ix25prm.hertz
9216000 ix25prm.board_type
0 ix25prm.elect_if_type 1 ix25prm.ix25_noops
0 ix25prm.histsz
160 ix25prm.line 1 ix25prm.irq
11 ix25prm.port_addr
0x01 ix25prm.mem_addr 0xfc040000 ix25prm.
cable_port 1
Same as UPA
Board Number
Port on board
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
ALC Stack Gcom_cdi -u
Ensure large enough
Mode14 is ALC

ix25prm.maxfrmsz 4096 ix25prm.ix25mode
ALC (14) ix25prm.frstart
16 ix25prm.ix25wrapflg NONE
(0) ix25prm.hdx_optns HDX - don't wait
CTS, Half Duplex (3) ix25prm.rcv_bfrs
20 ix25prm.xmit_bfrs 6 ix25prm.rcv_bfr_siz
e 4096 ix25prm.xmit_bfr_size
4096 ix25prm.ix25_optns 0x00 ix25prm.ix25_e
nb 1 ix25prm.ix25_retry
4 ix25prm.ix25_ifd 1
Ensure no loopback
Ensure HDX is correct
Same value as maxfrmsz
100µs ticks after message in full duplex mode
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
ALC Stack Gcom_cdi -u
0x08 Unused 0x10 Invert message bits 0x20
Include CCC in buffer 0x40 Invert idle bits
ix25prm.ix25_ll_optns 0x18 ix25prm.ix25_chip_
type HD64570 (13) ix25prm.rcv_dma
0 ix25prm.xmt_dma 0 ix25prm.ix25_code
NRZ (0) ix25prm.ix25_clks TxC in,
RxC in (0) ix25prm.baudrate 9600
Change to 0x10

External clocking
Ensure NRZ encoding
If ix25_clks0, does not matter what this is
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
ALC Stack Gcom_cdi -u
Output signals

Input signals
ix25prm.mdm_lim 6 ix25prm.mdm_msk
DTR RTS DSR- DCD- CTS- (0x03) ix25prm.wd_ti
mer 5000 ix25prm.seq_end_dly
1 ix25prm.lt_dly 4 ix25prm.hertz
9216000 ix25prm.board_type
0 ix25prm.elect_if_type 1 ix25prm.ix25_noops
0 ix25prm.histsz
166 ix25prm.line 1 ix25prm.irq
16 ix25prm.port_addr
0x01 ix25prm.mem_addr 0xf6040000 ix25prm.
cable_port 1
Number PAD chars
Not used
Same as UPA
Board Number
Port on board
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Protocol Stacks and Dumps
UTS Stack Gcom_cdi -u
Ensure large enough
Mode11 is UTS

ix25prm.maxfrmsz 4096 ix25prm.ix25mode
hdx bisync uniscope (11) ix25prm.frstart
16 ix25prm.ix25wrapflg NONE
(0) ix25prm.hdx_optns Half Duplex
(1) ix25prm.rcv_bfrs 20 ix25prm.xmit_bfrs
6 ix25prm.rcv_bfr_size
4096 ix25prm.xmit_bfr_size 4096 ix25prm.ix25_o
ptns 0x00 ix25prm.ix25_enb
0 ix25prm.ix25_retry 4
Ensure no loopback
UTS is half duplex
Same value as maxfrmsz
48
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
UTS Stack Gcom_cdi -u
0x08 Unused 0x20 Odd parity 0x40 Even
parity 0x80 No parity on SYN char
ix25prm.ix25_ll_optns 0x28 ix25prm.ix25_chip_t
ype HD64570 (13) ix25prm.rcv_dma
0 ix25prm.xmt_dma 0 ix25prm.ix25_code
NRZ (0) ix25prm.ix25_clks TxC in,
RxC in (0) ix25prm.baudrate 19200

Change to 0x20
Ensure NRZ encoding
External clocking
If ix25_clks0, does not matter what this is
49
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
UTS Stack Gcom_cdi -u
Output signals

Input signals
ix25prm.mdm_lim 6 ix25prm.mdm_msk
DTR RTS DSR- DCD- CTS- (0x03) ix25prm.wd_ti
mer 5000 ix25prm.seq_end_dly
1 ix25prm.lt_dly 4 ix25prm.hertz
9216000 ix25prm.board_type
0 ix25prm.elect_if_type 6 ix25prm.ix25_noops
0 ix25prm.histsz
166 ix25prm.line 1 ix25prm.irq
10 ix25prm.port_addr
0x01 ix25prm.mem_addr 0xd6040000 ix25prm.
cable_port 1
Number PAD chars
Initial syncs
Same as UPA
Board Number
Port on board
50
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_dlpi -L
Gcom_ssd
Internal STREAMS multiplexing ID
User
Kernel
Lower Point of Attachment Equivalent to line
number
CDI Physical Point of Attachment CDI UPA number
pktlvl.1
Ring System protocol module inside CDI User (NULL)
frmlvl.1
LPA MUX PPA IFACE MODULE CDI_STATE
LAP_TYPE --- --- --- ----- ------
--------------- -------- 1 94 1 CDI
NULL INPUT_ALLOWED none 2 96 2 CDI
NULL INPUT_ALLOWED none
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
State of CDI User interface
Digi Driver
LAP Link Access Procedure None in CDI User
Note that these are LPAs relative to DLPI
Provider.
51
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_dlpi -l
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
From CDI User standpoint
pktlvl.1
cd_state INPUT_ALLOWED
(6) cd_minor 1 cd_state_history
2 3 6 DISABLED
ENABLE_PENDING INPUT_ALLOWED cd_modem_bits
DTR RTS DSR- DCD- CTS- cd_events
0x0 cd_canput_next_stream 1 cd_wq_queued
0 cd_rd_queued
0 cd_wr_lo_mark 15000 cd_wr_hi_mark
20000 cd_rd_lo_mark
2000 cd_rd_hi_mark 5000
frmlvl.1
Not meaningful due to Ring System tunneling
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
52
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_dlpi -l
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
License key
cd_auth id 0x53353730 / prt 31 /
usr 31 feat 07C SNA
FrmRly Link X.25 BSC
env 11D LnxI86 SPARC SolI86 QNX HPU
brd 003 SYNC570-2
SYNC570-4 cd_bfr_queue_count
0 cd_waiting_ack_count 0 cd_deferred_data_coun
t 0 cd_next_wq_queued 0 cd_next_rd_queued
0 cd_next_next_wq_queued
0 cd_next_next_rd_queued 0
pktlvl.1
Not meaningful due to Ring System tunneling
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
53
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_dlpi -U
sabmuawt Sent SABM awaiting UA discuawt Send
DISC awaiting UA infoxfer Information
transfer useruawt Received SABM awaiting packet
level UA userdiscwt Received DISC awaiting
packet level UA discphase Disconnected
phase verify_up SABM/UA, verifying Information
Transfer frmidle Idle state, ready for SABM
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
UPA MODULE DLPI_STATE LPA MUX BIND LAP_TYPE PRIM
SEC XMIT RCV --- ------ ----------
--- --- ---- -------- ---- --- ----------
---------- 1 frame infoxfer 1 94 01
lapb 01 03 1549 1544 2 frame
infoxfer 2 96 01 lapb 01 03
1544 1548
pktlvl.1
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
These should match up with Gcom_dlpi -L
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Counts only I-Frames
Digi Driver
Indicates X.25 Frame Level
54
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_dlpi -u
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
Ensure large enough
frmpar.maxfsize 300 frmpar.frmwsize
7 frmpar.fdte
0 frmpar.T1_timer 3 frmpar.T2_timer
10200 frmpar.n2
20 frmpar.fwrapflg 0x00 frmpar.nettype
0 frmpar.frm_optns
0x00 frmpar.fhistsz 166 frmpar.frm_chip
_type 0 frmpar.dp_timer
0 frmpar.disc_type 1 frmpar.frm_enb
1 frmpar.T3_timer
0 frmpar.min_wsize 2 frmpar.frm_optns2
0x42 frmpar.frm_mdmsigs DTR- RTS-
DSR- DCD- CTS- (0x00) frmpar.lap_type
lapb (8) frmpar.prim_addr
01 frmpar.sec_addr 03
10200 200ms
pktlvl.1
Ensure not loopback
Signals required for operation Usually set to 0x00
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
Ensure LAPB
Correct for DTE Opposite for DCE
55
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_dlpi -u
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
0x20 Role negotiation
frmpar.lfc_low 7 frmpar.lfc_high
12 frmpar.frm_optns3
0x0720 frmpar.link_mode
1 frmpar.pl_priority 0 frmpar.frm_optns4
0x0000 frmpar.rcv_frmsize
0 frmpar.xmt_frmsize 0 frmpar.rcv_wsize
7 frmpar.xmt_wsize 7 fvs (send
sequence) 6 fvr (rcv sequence)
1 frbfrs (outbound q'd) 0 fstate
infoxfer (3) sent_rnr to client 0
pktlvl.1
Next N(S) value
Last N(R) value
frmlvl.1
Should be zero
CDI Provider
Should be zero
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
56
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_dlpi -u
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
Frame Counts Transmitted Received I-Frames
1566 1561 RR Cmnd
37 36 RR Rsp 37
38 RNR Cmnd 0
0 RNR Rsp 0 0 REJ
Cmnd 0 0 REJ Rsp
0 0 SREJ Cmnd/Rsp
0 0 SABM 2
0 SABME 0
0 UA 0 1 DISC
0 0 DM
0 0 FRMR
0 0 XID/TEST/UI 0
0 T1 Timeouts
0 T2 Timeouts 1 T3
Timeouts 0 N2 Timeouts
0 Bad Address
0 Unsolicited F-Bit
0 Invalid Ctl
0
pktlvl.1
Should be zero
frmlvl.1
Non-zero is OK
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
Should be zero
57
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_npi -L
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
Interface to DLPI Not useful
Lower Point of Attachment Equivalent to line
number
Unique ID for each X.25 packet level module
pktlvl.1
LPA MUX INTERFACE MODULE STATE STYLE ATT
BIND IND CONN PUID --- --- ----------- -------
---------- ----- --- ---- --- ---- ---- 1 95
DLPI_IFACE packet IDLE 501 1 01 0
03 0001 2 97 DLPI_IFACE packet IDLE
501 2 01 0 03 0002
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
Note that these are LPAs relative to NPI Provider.
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
58
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_npi -l
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
Large enough for 240 byte AX.25 packets
pktpar.dfltpsize 256 pktpar.maxpsize
256 pktpar.lopvc
100 pktpar.hipvc 100 pktpar.losvc
1 pktpar.hisvc
16 pktpar.pkt_pu_id 1 pktpar.dfltwsize
2 pktpar.clrdiag
1 pktpar.resdiag 1 pktpar.rstrtdiag
1 pktpar.pkt_optns
0x2 pktpar.pnettype 0
pktlvl.1
Logical channel ranges
Default window size
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
59
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_npi -l
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
0 DCE 1 DTE Result of role negotiation
pktlvl.1
pktpar.pdte 0 pktpar.pkstart
12 pktpar.pwrapflg 0 pktpar.T20
18 pktpar.R20
1 pktpar.T21 20 pktpar.T22
18 pktpar.R22 1 pktpar.T23
18 pktpar.R23
1 pktpar.phistsz 160
Ensure not loopback
Timers and retries in 10 sec ticks
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
60
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_npi -l
Charging Facilities
Gcom_ssd
User
0
4
8
12
16
Kernel
pktlvl.1
offered ff 1 2c 56 0 0 2f 2f 0 0
1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 selected 3e 0
c 70 0 0 7f 3f 0 0 1 2 0 0 8 0 0
0 performed 30 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 f2 21 c 0 0 0 50 2
0x80 currency
frmlvl.1
0x20 charging info
0x02 segments 0x04 duration
CDI Provider
Ensure all these are zero
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
For Switched Virtual Circuit setup
61
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_npi -l
Flow Control Facilities
Gcom_ssd
User
0
4
8
12
16
Kernel
pktlvl.1
offered ff 1 2c 56 0 0 2f 2f 0 0
1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 selected 3e 0
c 70 0 0 7f 3f 0 0 1 2 0 0 8 0 0
0 performed 10 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 f2 21 4c 0 0 0 50 2
0x10 Negotiate flw ctl facils values
0x40 Suppress flw ctl facils in all call
packets. Overrides settings in 16 and 0
frmlvl.1
0x40 Call Accept flw ctl facils depends on Call
Request 0x80 Suppress flw ctl facils in
Call Request only
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
For Switched Virtual Circuit setup
62
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_npi -l
Throughput Class Facilities
Gcom_ssd
User
0
4
8
12
16
Kernel
pktlvl.1
offered ff 1 2c 56 0 0 2f 2f 0 0
1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 selected 3e 0
c 70 0 0 7f 3f 0 0 1 2 0 0 8 0 0
0 performed 10 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 f2 21 4c 0 0 0 50 2
frmlvl.1
0x20 Negotiate throughput class facil values
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
For Switched Virtual Circuit setup
63
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_npi -l
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
pktpar.T28 30 pktpar.R28
1 pktpar.intr_data
32 pktpar.tp_class 0xaa pktpar.std_versi
on 1984
pktlvl.1
Throughput class values. 0xOI where O is
outbound and I is inbound. 3 75 b/s 4 150
b/s 5 300 b/s 6 600 b/s 7 1,200 b/s 8
2,400 b/s 9 4,800 b/s A 9,600 b/s B 19,200
b/s C 48,000 b/s D 64,000 b/s
frmlvl.1
Which version of the X.25 standard to use. Values
are 1980, 1984, 1988 or 0. Forces options in
selected structure. 0 means user sets all desired
options.
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
64
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_npi -l
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
Packet Counters Input
Output Invalid 0 Call Req
0 2 Call Acpt
2 0 Clear Req 0
1 Clear Conf 1
0 Data Pkts 308
309 Data Bytes 72520
72760 Intr Req 0
0 Intr Conf 0 0 RR
Pkt 200 199 RNR Pkt
0 0 Reset Req
0 0 Reset Conf
0 0 Restart Req
1 1 Restart Conf 0
0 Diagnostic 0
0 Buffers Q'd 0
0 Active Calls (both in and out)
1
pktlvl.1
frmlvl.1
Packet counts by type
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
65
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_npi -U
Gcom_ssd
Minor device number /npip(241,1) in lsof
User
Kernel
Upper Point of Attachment
pktlvl.1
MNR UPA LPA NPI_State Type Chan Data-out
Data-in Address PID --- --- ---
--------- ---- ---- -------- -------
--------------- ----- 1 - - IDLE
0 0 0
30859 2 1 1 DATA_XFER X.25 1
291 290 321 30859 3 2 2
DATA_XFER X.25 1 291 291 321
30859
frmlvl.1
LPA Line number
CDI Provider
X.25 LCN
intsx25.1
Process ID of owner
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
66
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_npi -u
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
pktlvl.1
Set by npip.0 section in config file
stream.np_max_sdu 4096 stream.np_min_sdu
0 stream.np_wr_lo_mark 15000 stream.np_wr_hi
_mark 20000 stream.np_rd_lo_mark
15000 stream.np_rd_hi_mark 20000
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
67
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_npi -u
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
Minor device number
ps_lwr_module_type packet ps_dev
2 ps_pa_nr
1 ps_stateHistoryIndex 3 ps_state
DATA_XFER (9) ps_stateHistory 3
6 9 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 ps_event_mask
0x0 ps_on_off 1 ps_downstream_rr
1 ps_down_stream_queued
0 ps_down_rsys_qd 0 ps_down_rsys_ex_qd
0 ps_upstream_rr
1 ps_up_rsys_queued 0 ps_up_stream_queued
0 ps_up_stream_next_qd
0 ps_canput_next_stream 1
pktlvl.1
UPA number
frmlvl.1
Internal flow control rr should be 1 queued
should be 0
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
68
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_npi -u
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
LPA number
PU ID number
ps_lpa 1 ps_pu_id
1 ps_lvl3_ch 0x1 ps_lvl3_rsys
pktlvl.1 (9) ps_res_addr
"321" ps_lcl_addr "" ps_user_id
0 ps_process_id 30859
pktlvl.1
X.25 LCN
Ring System process
frmlvl.1
PID of owning process
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
69
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_npi -u
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
counters.np_data_in 304 counters.np_data_out
305 counters.np_exdata_in
0 counters.np_exdata_out 0 counters.np_rcdata_i
n 0 counters.np_rcdata_out
0 counters.np_datack_in 0 counters.np_datack_r
out 0 counters.np_datack_out
0 counters.np_bytes_in 72960 counters.np_byte
s_out 73200 counters.np_dataq_in
0 counters.np_dataq_out 0 counters.np_resets_i
n 0 counters.np_resets_out
0 counters.np_err_ack_cnt 0
pktlvl.1
Counters maintained by NPI driver per connection
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
70
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_npi -V
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
X.25 packet level up/down
X.25 frame level up/down
pktlvl.1
LPA PU-Nr PU-State Link-State Board Port
Modem-Signals 1 1 Up Up
1 1 DTR RTS DSR DCD- CTS- 2 2
Up Up 1 2 DTR RTS DSR
DCD- CTS-
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
71
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_ivp npi-summary
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
Non-zero means listening connection
Information similar to Gcom_npi -U
pktlvl.1
MNR UPA LPA Lstns State Data-in Dta-out
Local-Addr Remote-Addr --- --- --- -----
----- ------- ------- ----------
----------- 1 0 - 128 IDLE3 0
0 2 1 1 0 DATA9
260 261 321 3 2 2
0 DATA9 261 261 321
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
States defined in /usr/include/gcom/npi.h
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
72
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_ivp npi-summary
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
NPI Routing Table
Active X.25 calls
pktlvl.1
Packet level up/down
LCN 0 means SVC
LPA/PUID Calls Up/Down routes Route-Id Cost
Priority LCN Address -------- ----- -------
------- -------- ---- -------- ---- -------
- 0 1 0 - 1/1 1
1 2 00000065 0 0 0
000000C9 5 0
100 100 2/2 1 1 2 00000066
0 0 0 2
000000CA 5 0 100 200
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
Address pattern for ougoing X.25 calls
73
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_ss -Uw
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
Internal SSD connection index number
Most recent SS operation
pktlvl.1
Defined in SS API manual
IndexName SS-State Type
FilDes Operation PortId Rcv-Count Xmt-Count
Partner 0SyncSkt Idle GPI
-1 Data 0 0 0 -
1Probe-Conn Idle Probe
17 None 0 0 0 -
2x25_out Idle X.25 -1
None 0 0 0 -
3x25_in ConCnfPnd X.25 19
ConReq 0 1 0 -
45Probe-Conn DataXfr Probe 23
Data 0 2 7 -
47x25_in DataXfr X.25 22
Data 2 200 199 49SyncSkt
48SyncSkt DataXfr GPI 20
Data 0 199 198 50x25_out
49SyncSkt DataXfr GPI 18
Data 0 199 199 47x25_in
50x25_out DataXfr X.25 21
Data 1 199 200 48SyncSkt
frmlvl.1
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
GPI SyncSocket TCP connection
Digi Driver
Note partner connection
Cloned connection
74
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_ss -u
X.25 Connection
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
pktlvl.1
Connection name
name 47x25_in iface.pname
X.25 iface.type 4 conf.conname
connection.3 conf.type X.25 conf.name
x25_in pidx 47 idx
47 fd 22 partner
49SyncSkt clone_parent 3x25_in listen_addre
ss 321 remote_address line_number
2 listen 1 facilities
420808430202 npi.npi_state DATA_XFER
NPI file descriptor
frmlvl.1
SyncSocket partner
Cloned from this connection
X.25 addresses
CDI Provider
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Line number
Digi Driver
Listening type connection
Negotiated facilities
NPI state (npi.h)
75
Protocol Stacks and Dumps
X.25 Stack Gcom_ss -u
SyncSocket Connection
Gcom_ssd
User
Kernel
pktlvl.1
name 49SyncSkt iface.pname
GPI iface.type 1 conf.conname
connection.0 conf.type GPI conf.name
SyncSkt pidx 49 idx
49 fd 18 partner
47x25_in clone_parent 0SyncSkt ss_state
3 DATA TRANSFER
Connection name
TCP file descriptor
frmlvl.1
X.25 partner
Cloned from this connection
CDI Provider
SyncSocket state
intsx25.1
intsx25.2
Digi Driver
76
Protocol Stacks and Dumps

• End of Presentation