FOUNDATIONS FOR MODEL BASED PROGRAMS

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• FOUNDATIONS FOR MODEL BASED PROGRAMS

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• Review the table, The Evolution of Physical
  Education
• THIS PROVIDES A SYNOPSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A
  MODEL-BASED APPROACH TO PLANNING

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WHAT ISA MODEL?

• A COMPREHENSIVE COHERENT PLAN THAT INCLUDES
• THEORETICAL FOUNDATION
• Assumptions
• Validation
• INTENDED OUTCOMES
• Learning domain priorities interactions
• KNOWLEDGE EXPERTISE REQUIRED OF PRACTITIONER

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• EXPECTATIONS FOR PRACTITIONER CLIENT
• Who makes what decisions
• TASK PRESENTATION STRUCTURES
• Direct or indirect instruction
• Grouping, equipment, space, time, safety
• ASSESSMENT OF OUTCOMES

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• EACH MODEL IS LIKE A BLUEPRINT PRACTITIONERS
  CAN FOLLOW
• CALLS FOR ITS OWN SET OF DECISIONS, PLANS,
  ACTIONS BY THE PRACTITIONER AND CLIENTS
• BEST MODELS LINK THEORIES (or PRINCIPLES) TO
  PRACTICE

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• MODELS ARE TOOLS PRACTITIONERS CAN SELECT TO
  ACHIEVE SPECIFIC OUTCOMES

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Whats the Difference Between Model-Based
Activity-Based Instruction?

• When the content is the most influential factor
  in determining how to teach a p.e. unit, its
  activity-based instruction.
• I teach dance this way
• I teach softball this way
• Assumption theres a tried true way to teach a
  given activity
• APPLIES TO COACHING, TOO

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Model-Based practice considers other factors that
influence what it is taught/coached

• Intended learning outcomes
• Context learning environment
• Client readiness
• Client learning preferences
• Domain priorities
• Task structure
• Assessment (learning outcomes instructional
  practices)

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• Changes in one or more factors results in use of
  different model
• Examples
• Two teachers who have different outcome emphases
  planning a soccer unit
• Two football coaches with different problems

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REASONS FOR USING MODEL-BASED APPROACH

• Allows practitioners to consider weigh several
  factors - to make a good decision
• Most models have strong research with supporting
  theory have proven effective
• Model as blueprint helps practitioners make
  congruent decisions

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MORE REASONS TO USE MODELS

• Feedback is inherent in application of a model
• Models provide descriptions of expected
  behaviors, roles, decisions, responsibilities
  for practitioners clients
• Models are flexible enough to allow practitioners
  to use their professional judgment, expertise,
  experience

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EXAMPLES of MODELS

• INSTRUCTIONAL
• Direct Instruction - Tactical Games
• PSI - Fitness Concepts
• Cooperative Learning - Movement Ed.
• Sport Education - Adventure Ed.
• Peer Teaching - Inquiry
• Integrated model for dance in schools

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• MODELS in SPORT PSYCH.
• Attribution
• Leadership
• Motivation
• Career Transition
• Psychological adjustment to athletic injury
• Stress Models (several)