DARPA Agent Markup Language November 2001

1
DARPA Agent Markup LanguageNovember 2001

• Enabling agent communication at a Web-wide
  scale.

Murray Burke Information Exploitation Office
2
Military Systems are Moving to the Web

• Center for Army Lessons Learned
• Warrior Knowledge Network
• Web Mapping Testbed

• Joint Battlespace Infosphere
• Theater Battle Management Core System
• BroadSword
• Air Mobility Command GDSS

Joint Global Command Control System
Army

• Global Command Support System
• JOPES 2000
• Advanced Course Of Action ACTD
• CINC21
• Joint Center for Lessons Learned

Air Force

• Expeditionary Sensor Grid
• Task Force Web
• Navy Lessons Learned System
• Navy Warfare On-Line Library

• Air Ground Combat System
• Distance Learning Network
• Logistics Bases Inventory Visibility
• Items Applications On-Line
• Master Header Information On-Line

• Intelink
• Joint Intelligence Virtual Architecture
• Horus
• Crypto Analysis Web
• NIMA Geospatial Engine

Intelligence Community
Marines
Navy
3
Web Limitations
Doubles in size every six months
Average WWW searches examine only about 25 of
potentially relevant sites
Problems grow worse as Web continues to grow
World Wide Web Intelink-S Intelink
Information on web is not suitable for software
agents
Web searches return a lot of unwanted information
4
The Evolution of the Web

World Wide Web
HTML

• Formatted for humans to read via web browsers
• Formatted for machine readability but with very
  limited semantics

XML
Semantic Web
Machine readability with very rich semantics to
support agents for

• Intelligence Analysis and Production
• Military Planning and Operations
• Software C4ISR Agents
• Sensor Fusion

DAML is building the language and tools to
realize the bold vision of the Semantic Web
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Web Migration to New Technology
In 30 years e-commerce will have become second
nature. Lifelike, intelligent virtual assistants
will be performing most routine transactions and
simple negotiations electronically on our behalf.
More technological change will have taken place
in that period than during the entire twentieth
century, and the curve will continue to steepen
exponentially into the foreseeable future. Ray
Kurzweil
100
HTML
DAML
50
XML
Fifty percent of the content on the Web will be
in XML format by the end of 2003 .Gartner
Group
0
2010
2000
2005
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The Bold Vision DistributedAgents on the
Semantic Web
Make preparations to capture Bagram air base.
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Query Today
WWW Hotbot
What is Al Qaeda?
The answer may be somewhere in this list of URLs
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Semantic Query
What is Al Qaeda?
A terrorist organization Would you like
additional information on?

• Membership
• Locations
• Structure
• Finances
• Tactics
• Other terrorist organizations

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Whats Hard?

• Scale Scope and Lack of Consistency in Global C2I
  Networks
• Diversity Ontologies and Ontology Mapping
• Markup Simplicity
• Automatically Derived Markup
• Constrained Logic
• Enabling Software Agents to Locate and Use
  Appropriate Services
• Services description language
• Infrastructure Yellow Pages, Brokers, Mediaters
• Trust Logical Proofs

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Precedents
1995 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1998
2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2003
Dozens of knowledge representation languages
Dozens of application design languages
Odell
Booch
Rumbaugh
KREME
Loom
RDF
Rational Rose
Paradigm Plus
KEE
KIF
OMG
DARPA / W3C
DAML
UML
One modeling language
One Web KR language
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DAML Foundation
Language to describe information
Tools for users and developers
Transition activities
DAML

• Semantic Web
• WWW
• NIPRNET
• INTELINK-S
• INTELINK

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Developing the Language

• Formal Logics
• Knowledge Representation
• Reasoning

AI Community
European OIL Community
Local Environments
DARPA
DAML
DAML OIL
US EU DAML Joint Committee
WWWEnvironment

• HTML
• XML
• RDF

W3C
Web Standards
WebOnt WG
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Example Ontology
These ontologies accessed at remote locations
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DAML Example (Markup)
lt?xml version'1.0' encoding'ISO-8859-1'?gt lt!DOCT
YPE rdfRDF lt!ENTITY rdf 'http//www.w3.org/199
9/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns'gt lt!ENTITY countries-ont
'http//www.daml.org/2001/09/countries/iso-3166-on
t'gt lt!ENTITY cities-ont 'http//www.daml.ri.cmu
.edu/ont/City.daml'gt ltrdfRDF xmlnsrdf
"rdf" xmlnsrdfs"http//www.w3.org/2000/01/r
df-schema" xmlnsdaml"http//www.daml.org/2001
/03/damloil" ltdamlOntology rdfabout""gt
ltdamlversionInfogtId map-ont.daml,v 1.2
2001/06/16 134429 mdean Exp lt/damlversionInfogt
ltrdfscommentgtMap Overlay Ontologylt/rdfscommen
tgt lt/damlOntologygt ltrdfsClass
rdfID"TerroristEvent"gt ltrdfssubClassOfgt
ltdamlRestrictiongt ltdamlonProperty
rdfresource"name"/gt ltdamltoClass
rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema
string"/gt ltdamlmaxCardinalitygt1lt/damlmaxCa
rdinalitygt lt/damlRestrictiongt
lt/rdfssubClassOfgt ltrdfssubClassOfgt
ltdamlRestrictiongt ltdamlonProperty
rdfresource"location"/gt ltdamltoClass
rdfresource"Location"/gt
ltdamlmaxCardinalitygt1lt/damlmaxCardinalitygt
lt/damlRestrictiongt lt/rdfssubClassOfgt
ltrdfssubClassOfgt ltdamlRestrictiongt
ltdamlonProperty rdfresource"date"/gt
ltdamltoClass rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000
/10/XMLSchemadate"/gt ltdamlmaxCardinalitygt1
lt/damlmaxCardinalitygt lt/damlRestrictiongt
lt/rdfssubClassOfgt lt/rdfsClassgt rdfsClass
rdfID"Terrorist"gtltrdfssubClassOfgt
ltdamlRestrictiongtltdamlonProperty
rdfresource"name"/gtltdamltoClass
rdfresource"http//www.w3.org/2000/10/XMLSchema
string"/gtlt/damlRestrictiongtlt/rdfssubClassOfgtltr
dfssubClassOfgt ltdamlRestrictiongtltdamlonProper
ty rdfresource"citizenOf"/gt ltdamltoClass
rdfresource"countries-ontCountry"/gt
lt/damlRestrictiongtlt/rdfssubClassOfgtltrdfssubCl
assOfgtltdamlRestrictiongtltdamlonProperty
rdfresource"residesIn"/gtltdamltoClass
rdfresource"countries-ontCountry"/gt
lt/damlRestrictiongtlt/rdfssubClassOfgtlt/rdfsClas
sgt
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Agent-Based Inferencing
ltdamlClass rdfIDBin Laden"gt
ltrdfssubClassOf rdfresource"terrorist"/gt lt/dam
lClassgt
Implies

• If x is Bin Laden, he must be a terrorist
• If x is a terrorist, then he may or may not be
  Bin Laden
• If x is not a terrorist, then he is not Bin Laden
• If x is not Bin Laden, he may or may not be a
  terrorist

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DAML Services Ontology
Service
Resources
provides
presents
supports
Service Profile
Service Grounding
describedBy
How to access it
What the service does
Service Model
How it works
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Developing the Tools
Operational Prototype Tools
APIs
Report Generator
Browser
Edit
Validation/Analysis
Inference
Visualize/ View
Parser
Search/Query
Import
Transform
Semantic Web
Developer and User Tools
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Language Tools Transition
DAML Language Specification
W3C WebOnt Standard
Feedback Loop
DAML Prototype Tools
Commercial Tools
Feedback Loop
Near-term C2I Applications
Longer-term Military Commercial Applications
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DAML Language Strategy
Ontology
Logic
W3C Standardization
Proof

• Formal Semantic Underpinnings
• Model-Based
• Axiom-Based

Trust
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Transition Process

• Focal Point for Military Early Adopters
• 60 Attendees at First Conference
• 100 Expected at 2nd Conference on 13-14 Nov

DAML
DoD Projects

• Intelink Management Office Horus
• Navy Expeditionary Sensor Grid
• Air Force Foreign Clearance Guide
• Army Center for Lessons Learned
• Army Warrior Knowledge Network
• TRANSCOM Global Transportation Network
• Air Force Joint Battlespace Infosphere
• Navy Task Force Web

(Identify Requirements)
DAML Semantic Web for Military Users Conferences
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Horus
IMO paid half in FY 00, FY 01 and FY02 1.5M
each year
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Intelink Transition

• Intelink has 150K users and expects 400K users by
  end of 2002
• A controlled testbed, effectively a microcosm of
  the WWW
• A quick military transition of emerging DAML
  technologies
• Quotes from Intelink Management Office (IMO)
  Conference
• Terrific New Alliance With DARPA
• IMO Has Linked to DARPAs DAML Program
• Tim Berners-Lee, Ralph Swick etc (The A team)
• Large Opportunity For Web Technologies
• Many Models On Internet
• Many We Can Develop With DARPA

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Getting the Word Out
DAML LAB _at_ DARPA TIC
18 DAML Research Teams
www.daml.org www.daml.net
PKI

• Mail Lists
• Web Server
• Software Repository
• Ontology Library
• HotDAML Newsletters
• Scientific American Article

Internet
Lots of Interest From the Rest of the
World (Almost Two Million Hits)
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DAML in 2002
DAML Tools
Releases in May and September
DAML Integrated Demonstration Experiment
Horus
ESG
DAML Language
Other
DAML Research Team
Metrics
Feedback
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DAML DEMONSTRATION AND EXPERIMENT CONCEPT OF
OPERATIONS
Air Force Lessons Learned System
Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI)
Semantic Web Planner
DAML Foreign Clearance Guide Markup
Navy Expeditionary Sensor Grid
DAML
Rapid Knowledge Formation (translation)
DAML
DAML
DAML Air Force Plan Markup
Air Force Lessons Learned Markup
Internet for demo But could be SIPRNET for real
application
Unifying Ontology (GEOLOC)
DAML CIA Fact Book Markup
.NET .ASP Server DAML Query Inference Engine
Legacy Data Bases
DAML
AT2000
Military or DoD User
Agents
Ontology Editing Tool(s)
Web Browser
Creates / Accesses DAML ontologies content
Transition Programs
Provides support to military user via his/her Web
Browser
Complex querying and inferencing about plan
information
Acts as proxies for senior military users to
do background tasks
Actual DAML ontologies content
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Metrics
Millions of Nodes Millions of Ontologies Millions
of DBs Millions of Agents
Millions of Nodes Millions of Ontologies Millions
of DBs Millions of Agents
2002 Experiment
Millions of Nodes Millions of Ontologies Millions
of DBs Millions of Agents
Vision

• Millions of Nodes
• Millions of Ontologies
• Millions of Data Bases
• Millions of Agents
• Active on the Semanic Web