Career Development and Counseling

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Career Development and Counseling
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Overview

• Review
• Theory
• Case Example
• Activity
• Summary

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Review

• Career or Job (K-Fed example)
• Career development is a dynamic multidimensional
  process that parallels human development and
  focuses on work-related implications and
  outcomes.
• Personal, social, cultural, environmental, and
  other factors play a role in career development.
• Debatable if all careers are open to all people
  (family background, ses, race, gender, etc.)
• Anything else? (how to use theory)

4
Case Example

• 51 year old advertising executive was demoted
  after his company was bought by another company
• Discussed career development and counseling
  issues that emerged, such as?
• 20 something marketing professional promoted to a
  position without having any experience
• Career development and counseling issues?

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Life Span, Life Space Theory

• Life roles
• Conflicts
• Establishment (Carter)
• Maintenance (Dan)
• Recycling

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Lifeline

• See pages 38-39
• Theory
• Orientation
• Construct
• Provide personal example within the framework of
  your lifeline

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Groupings/Parings

• Theory groups
• CIA pairs

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Trait and Factor Approach

• Self-knowledge
• Occupational knowledge
• Decision-making skills
• Theory of Work Adjustment (Dawis Lofquist)
• Discuss points on pages 14-15.
• Agree?
• Why?
• Relevant? Useful? Appropriate?

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Trait and Factor Counseling

• Analysis (interviews and assessment)
• Synthesis (strengths and weaknesses)
• Diagnosis (choice type or discrepancy)
• Prognosis (alternatives and likelihood of
  success)
• Counseling
• Follow up

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Hollands Theory of Types

• 6 personality and environment types
• Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social,
  Enterprising, Conventional
• Personality types are both genetically and
  environmentally based (pg. 61)
• Agree?
• Career Interests are an expression of the
  individuals personality

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Key Theoretical Constructs

• Congruence
• Differentiation
• An undifferentiated person is likely to have
  difficulty making these.
• Consistency
• The goal of career counseling is not to make more
  consistent. Rather, consistency is used to help
  clients develop this.
• Vocational Identity

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Case Example

• What is Flippers personality type?
• What is the type of his work environment?
• Are they congruent?
• What, if any, problems does Flipper experience at
  work that may not be adequately explained by
  Hollands theory?

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Applying Hollands Theory

• Goal To help client clarify vocational
  identity and make a congruent career decision
• Assessment
• Interpretation
• Action

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Assessment

• Instruments measure constructs and the results
  provide the stimuli for career counseling content
• Take Self-Directed Search
• Translates interests and competencies into types
  (as do the SII, CAI, and ASVAB)
• Occupations Finder (ONET)

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Interpretation

• Consistency
• Pendulum-shifting
• Avocational activities (Leisure activities
  finder)
• Differentiation
• Interpreting the meaning of the scores
• Self-Understanding?
• Abilities, Skills, Values
• Other career decision-making variables
• Values inventories or cards sorts, skills
  checklists

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Action

• Identify occupation related to type
• Information interviewing, volunteering, job
  shadowing
• Counseling

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Research on Hollands Theory

• Modest relationship between person-environment
  fit and job satisfaction
• Not so much for other key constructs
• May be discrepancy between normative occupational
  interests and the number of existing positions in
  the U.S.
• Types seems to be stable
• People change careers to achieve greater
  congruence
• Types appear to generalize across ethnicity,
  gender, and socioeconomic status (p. 70-71)

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Summary

• Questions