Effects of Iron deficiency on

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Effects of Iron deficiency on Physical and Mental
functions in Children.
Dr. S.P. Srivastava
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Normal Child No Iron Deficiency
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(No Transcript)
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Functions of Iron

• Formulation of hemoglobin
• Formulation of cytochrome myoglobin
• Binding O2 to RBC and transport
• Regulation of Body temperature
• Muscle activity
• Catacholamine metabolism
• Immune system T cell antibodies
• Brain Dev function
• Depressed thyroid function

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Iron Deficiency (6-24 months)

• Difficulty with language
• Poor Motor Co-ordination and balance
• Poorer rating on attention
• Poor Responsiveness
• Poor Performance of motor

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Physical Growth and performance

• Weight gain, growth velocity
• Further compounded associated with
• infection anorexia
• Poor work capacity
• Endurance, work capability
• Rapid gain of weight endurance with
• iron therapy.

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Mental and psychomor dev

• Poor attentiveness
• Poor memory
• Poor academic performance vocabulary,
• reading, writing, arithmetic
• Disruptive, irritable, restlessness
• Poor performance in test

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Iron Acquisition In Brain
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The Basal Ganglia (Frontal Section)
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Iron In Brain
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Iron In Brain
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Concentration of Iron in Brain

• Highest at birth
• Decrease at weaning
• Increase at onset of Myelination
• Maximum at expression of Tf mRNA

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Iron Concentration In Brain
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Iron def, Infection, physical growth

• T cell and antibodies diminishes
• Cell mediated immunity defective
• Killing bacteria capabilities poor
• Capacity of leucocyte defense poor

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Iron and Neurotransmitor

• Dopaminergic system dev in early post natal life
• Rapid increase in number and density of
• DA transporter, receptor
• Monoamine for axonal growth and synapse
• formation
• 
  Neurotransmission

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Iron and Neurotransmitters

• Enzyme involve in N.T are Tryptorhan
• hydrolase (Serotonin)
• Tyrosin Hydolase (Ne. and Da)
• Cp factor for Ribonucleotide reductase
• Electron Transfer for lipid metabolism
• Brain Energy

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Restless leg syndrome
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Iron Deficiency Cognitive Development
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Behavioral and Emotion
65 Common Behavioral Midbrain Iron,
DA Transmitter D1 Receptors 35 Anxity DA
Transporter, D2 Rece Improve with Iron
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Critical Period

• Irriversible effect on nerve conduction in iron
  
• deficiency
• Timing of iron deficiency is of great importance
• Lead to toddler developmental delay if iron def
  earlier
• Sequence Cell migration significant
  myelination
• cellular differentiation increase expression
  of
• neuropeptides

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Study Scales

• BS.ID Bayley Scale of infant Dev
• IBR Infant behavior records
• MDI Mental dev index
• PDI Psychomotor dev index
• Wise Wechsler intelligence scale of
• childhood

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Stages of Iron Deficiency

• Decrease Iron Storage
• Latent Deficiency serum feritin - lt
• 10mcg/L
• Iron deficiency 0.80 to 1.8 mg/L

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Iron Value per 100gm for Common Food
Food Iron (mg) Food Iron (mg) Rice 6.4 Bengal G
Leave 23.8 Rice Pufed 4.6 Coriander
L 18.5 Wheat 11.5 Mustard L 16.5 Bengal
gram 10.2 Spinach 10.9 Bengal G Dal 9.1
Ginger 10.5 Rajma 5.8 Muster
Seed 17.9 Soyaneam 11.5 Date 7.3 Milk .1-.3
Fish Dried 20-25 Gagery 10.5 Fish
Fresh 1-4 Apple 0.66 Egg 2.1 Banana 0.36 Mutt
on 2.5 Amranth 25.5 Honey 0.69
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Conclusion
Iron deficiency is major public health
problem It is an essential nutrition not only
for normal growth health and Survival of
children but also for their development and
congnitive Functioning iron deficiency anemia is
associated with significantly poorer performance
on Psychomotar and mental development scale and
behavioral rating is in infant and
children. Iron supplimentation improves mental
development score modestly and improve physical
capacity and endurance.0
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Thanks
Dr. S.P. Srivastava